{"id":79182,"date":"2020-11-12T17:40:16","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T16:40:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=79182"},"modified":"2020-11-12T17:40:17","modified_gmt":"2020-11-12T16:40:17","slug":"building-materials-microorganisms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/building-materials-microorganisms\/","title":{"rendered":"Att v\u00e4cka byggmaterial till liv \u2013 bokstavligen"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Illustration av Megan Stump<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ber\u00e4ttelse som \u00e4r djupt rotad i den amerikanska folksj\u00e4len \u00e4r sagan om den lilla pojken fr\u00e5n landet som v\u00e4xer upp, \u00e5ker till storstaden och lyckas genom att visa sig vara smartare \u00e4n alla sofistikerade stadsbor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Professor Wil Srubar<\/a> \u00e4r bondpojken som blev byggnadsingenj\u00f6r och han har en kuggfr\u00e5ga till alla som ritar och bygger i betong: Tror du att du vet skillnaden mellan det levande och det d\u00f6da?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du kanske svarar r\u00e4tt p\u00e5 fr\u00e5gan \u2013 \u00e4n s\u00e5 l\u00e4nge. Men Wil och hans team p\u00e5 Living Materials Laboratory<\/a> vid University of Colorado i Boulder, USA har f\u00f6resatt sig att \u201dsudda ut gr\u00e4nserna mellan det levande och det icke-levande\u201d inom byggande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad Wil specifikt har t\u00e4nkt g\u00f6ra \u00e4r att integrera mikroorganismer i betong f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra den sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande. Och \u00e4ven om hans arbete hittills \u201dst\u00e5r p\u00e5 andras axlar\u201d \u2013 andra som har gjort prelimin\u00e4ra experiment med konceptet \u2013 har Wils team (med kollegor inom biokemi, mikrobiologi, materialvetenskap och byggteknik) f\u00f6rt id\u00e9n ett steg n\u00e4rmare verkligheten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vilken \u00e4r din byggnads superkraft?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201dI v\u00e5rt arbete var vi de f\u00f6rsta som tittade n\u00e4rmare p\u00e5 hur mikroorganismer kan bidra till materialf\u00f6rnyelse, och till tillverkningen av material\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil Srubar. Den h\u00e4r forskningen har lett till framst\u00e4llningen av bakterier som i r\u00e4tt milj\u00f6 kan f\u00f6rbli levande, biologiskt aktiva och kapabla att bidra till f\u00f6rnyelsen av de tegelstenar de bor i. \u201dMan skulle kunna sk\u00e4ra en tegelsten mitt itu, och de tv\u00e5 halvorna skulle kunna v\u00e4xa till tv\u00e5 hela tegelstenar.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Wil Srubar, University of Colorado Living Materials Laboratory<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Men det \u00e4r inte det b\u00e4sta. Det som gl\u00e4djer Wil allra mest \u00e4r att man kanske skulle kunna anv\u00e4nda den h\u00e4r f\u00f6rm\u00e5gan som en teknikplattform d\u00e4r vilken biologisk respons som helst fr\u00e5n en organism skulle kunna bli en egenskap hos ett byggmaterial som inneh\u00e5ller den organismen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dEtt material skulle kunna k\u00e4nna av och svara p\u00e5 skadliga kemikalier i luften\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil. \u201dDet skulle kunna bli bioluminescerande under olika typer av ljus och avsl\u00f6ja dolda budskap eller sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4ka som svar p\u00e5 skador. Man kan f\u00f6rest\u00e4lla sig hur m\u00e5nga olika biologiska svar som helst fr\u00e5n de h\u00e4r materialen, och det \u00e4r dit v\u00e5rt arbete \u00e4r p\u00e5 v\u00e4g.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att skapa r\u00e4tt f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att n\u00e5 dit m\u00e5ste Wil och hans team definiera parametrarna f\u00f6r den milj\u00f6 som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att hantera styrda, systematiska reparationer. Teamet har redan kommit fram till att \u201dman beh\u00f6ver exakta utl\u00f6sare i form av temperatur och fuktighetsgrad\u201d f\u00f6r att ett material ska f\u00f6rnyas. De experimenterar fortfarande med mikrofluidik och vad som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att leverera de n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att h\u00e5lla det biologiska systemet vid liv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tack vare sin bakgrund inom byggteknik \u00e4r Wil v\u00e4l medveten om byggtekniska och b\u00e4rande till\u00e4mpningar \u2013 s\u00e5 \u00e4ven om han har m\u00e5l f\u00f6r materialens mekaniska egenskaper \u00e4r han medveten om att de kanske \u00e4nd\u00e5 passar b\u00e4ttre som ers\u00e4ttning f\u00f6r \u201dicke-strukturella, cementhaltiga material med l\u00e4gre styrka, eller fyllnads- eller fasadmaterial\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r de h\u00e4r fr\u00e5gorna har besvarats kan sj\u00e4lva f\u00f6rs\u00e4ljningen utg\u00f6ra ytterligare en utmaning, till att b\u00f6rja med hur produkten ska levereras till kunden. Wil f\u00f6rest\u00e4ller sig att man skulle s\u00e4lja pulver, snarare \u00e4n hela tegelstenar. Kunden skulle d\u00e5 tills\u00e4tta vatten till den f\u00f6rpackade torrkulturen, p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som man g\u00f6r nu med portlandcement, eventuellt i kombination med fyllnadsmaterial som \u00e5tervunnet glas, s\u00e5gsp\u00e5n eller till och med \u00e5tervunnen cement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dI v\u00e5rt arbete var vi de f\u00f6rsta som tittade n\u00e4rmare p\u00e5 hur mikroorganismer kan bidra till materialf\u00f6rnyelse, och till tillverkningen av material \u2026 Man skulle kunna sk\u00e4ra en tegelsten mitt itu, och de tv\u00e5 halvorna skulle kunna v\u00e4xa till tv\u00e5 hela tegelstenar.\u201d<\/p>Wil Srubar, Living Materials Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e5let \u00e4r att komplettera, snarare \u00e4n att ers\u00e4tta, de verktyg som arkitekter, ingenj\u00f6rer och byggnadsarbetare redan har tillg\u00e5ng till. \u201dVi ville inte g\u00f6ra f\u00f6r stora \u00e4ndringar av hur saker g\u00f6rs\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil. \u201dDet tar l\u00e5ng tid att v\u00e4nda skutan i en bransch som \u00e4r djupt rotad i traditioner.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ist\u00e4llet t\u00e4nker sig Wil en framtid som erbjuder \u201dlite st\u00f6rre flexibilitet p\u00e5 plats n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller levande material, s\u00e4rskilt i t\u00e4tbebyggda stadsk\u00e4rnor eller i milj\u00f6er d\u00e4r det r\u00e5der resursbrist.\u201d Den senare kategorin skulle en vacker dag kunna omfatta m\u00e5nen eller andra planeter, d\u00e4r lokala resurser skulle kunna sk\u00f6rdas och med bakteriers hj\u00e4lp odlas till byggnadsmaterial som man inte rimligen kan frakta dit fr\u00e5n jorden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tillbaka till naturen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

I slut\u00e4ndan hoppas Wil Srubar utl\u00f6sa en revolution, inte bara n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller hur byggnadsmaterial anskaffas utan ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r hur m\u00e4nniskor t\u00e4nker kring materialanskaffning. En s\u00e5dan f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring skulle kunna komma i form av biocement eller fotosyntetiska organismer. Den skulle kunna inneb\u00e4ra bara ett b\u00e4ttre utnyttjande av naturfibrer, eller till och med alger som kan \u201dodlas, inkapslas och omvandlas till h\u00f6gpresterande byggnadsmaterial\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wil f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker ocks\u00e5 \u201df\u00f6r\u00e4ndra byggbranschens paradigm\u201d och omvandla den fr\u00e5n en koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppare till en kols\u00e4nka. Aprop\u00e5 det p\u00e5minner han om att teamet \u00e4nnu inte har publicerat n\u00e5gra data om milj\u00f6effekter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVad jag dock kan s\u00e4ga \u00e4r att vi anv\u00e4nder fotosyntetiska organismer \u2013 allts\u00e5 cyanobakterier som beh\u00f6ver koldioxid, solljus och vatten f\u00f6r att v\u00e4xa\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil. \u201dAll biomassa som produceras i tillv\u00e4xtfasen best\u00e5r egentligen av isolerad koldioxid, vilket tyder p\u00e5 ett material som \u00e4r koldioxidnegativt snarare \u00e4n att st\u00e5 f\u00f6r positiva koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp. Koldioxidavtrycket \u00e4r exceptionellt mycket l\u00e4gre r\u00e4knat per volym \u00e4n f\u00f6r portlandcement. Och vi \u00e5stadkommer till och med en viss kollagring genom den biomassa som odlas och inkapslas i materialet.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kan mikroorganismer som tillf\u00f6rs till tegel eller betong g\u00f6ra materialet sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande? Ett laboratorium f\u00f6r levande material vid University of Colorado hoppas ta reda p\u00e5 det<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":629,"featured_media":79183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,144],"tags":[16721,16716],"class_list":["post-79182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","category-projects","tag-building-materials","tag-technology","category-145","category-144","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nKan mikroorganismer f\u00e5 byggmaterial att sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4ka?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kan mikroorganismer som tillf\u00f6rs till tegel eller betong g\u00f6ra byggmaterialet sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande? 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