{"id":79302,"date":"2021-01-26T08:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T07:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=79302"},"modified":"2025-11-06T18:45:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T17:45:25","slug":"3d-printing-local-soil-student","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/3d-printing-local-soil-student\/","title":{"rendered":"Kan 3D-utskrift med lokala jordarter bli ett koldioxidsn\u00e5lt alternativ till betong? Del 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Illustration av Rae Scarf\u00f3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klimatkrisen blir allt v\u00e4rre och varje bransch m\u00e5ste stanna upp och fundera p\u00e5 hur den p\u00e5verkar milj\u00f6n. 2017 ber\u00e4knades att byggbranschen stod f\u00f6r n\u00e4stan 40% av alla antropogena koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp i v\u00e4rlden, enligt en rapport fr\u00e5n World Green Building Council<\/a>. F\u00f6r att uppn\u00e5 de m\u00e5l som sattes upp i Parisavtalet<\/a> skulle branschen beh\u00f6va minska sina utsl\u00e4pp med 30% fram till 2030 j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med 2015 \u00e5rs niv\u00e5er. Det \u00e4r ett enormt \u00e5tagande som skulle kr\u00e4va investeringar p\u00e5 flera miljarder dollar inom i stort sett varje del av branschen.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ett omr\u00e5de d\u00e4r tiden \u00e4r mogen f\u00f6r koldioxidbesparande innovationer \u00e4r betong. Det \u00e4r inte konstigt att betong \u00e4r s\u00e5 vanligt<\/a> i moderna byggmetoder: det \u00e4r formbart, h\u00e5llfast, h\u00e4llbart, billigt och enkelt att tillverka. Men det \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 enormt koldioxidintensivt. Tillverkningsprocessen f\u00f6r betong st\u00e5r f\u00f6r 8% av alla m\u00e4nniskogenererade koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp, enligt en rapport fr\u00e5n 2018 av Energy, Environment and Resources Department<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liksom med alla andra f\u00f6rs\u00f6k att minska koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppen finns det ingen universall\u00f6sning f\u00f6r hur man g\u00f6r betongsektorn mer koldioxidsn\u00e5l. En m\u00e4ngd intressen och sv\u00e5rl\u00f6sta realiteter st\u00e5r i v\u00e4gen. Det \u00e4r troligt att f\u00f6rloppet snarare kommer att best\u00e5 av tusentals pyttesm\u00e5 steg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En radikal l\u00f6sning<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En t\u00e4nkbar l\u00f6sning \u00e4r att helt enkelt sluta anv\u00e4nda betong. Vid Texas A&M University unders\u00f6ker en grupp forskare m\u00f6jligheten att anv\u00e4nda lokala jordarter i kombination med 3D-utskrift f\u00f6r att skapa h\u00e5llbarare byggnader.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanken p\u00e5 att anv\u00e4nda lokala jordarter \u00e4r tilltalande av flera sk\u00e4l. F\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta elimineras behovet att transportera blandningen till en byggarbetsplats \u2013 n\u00e5got som kan vara enormt kolintensivt. Dessutom kr\u00e4ver forskarnas metod f\u00f6r att skapa b\u00e4rande, utskrivbara jordblandningar inte den intensiva hetta som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att tillverka betong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dKvalitetsm\u00e4ssigt \u00e4r det h\u00e4r ett mycket b\u00e4ttre alternativ \u00e4n betong\u201d, s\u00e4ger Aayushi Bajpayee, doktorand vid Texas A&M University och huvudf\u00f6rfattare till en artikel fr\u00e5n 2020 som beskriver tekniken. \u201dF\u00f6r det f\u00f6rsta \u00e4r framst\u00e4llningen av materialet inte kolpositivt. Jorden finns i naturen och anv\u00e4nds direkt, till skillnad fr\u00e5n betong d\u00e4r man m\u00e5ste l\u00e4gga det man hittar i naturen i en enorm ugn och v\u00e4rma upp det.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under de senaste \u00e5ren har 3D-utskrift utvecklats till en anv\u00e4ndbar teknik f\u00f6r att automatisera en stor del av byggprocessen. Metoden erbjuder lovande l\u00f6sningar f\u00f6r billiga bost\u00e4der, i synnerhet i de omr\u00e5den i v\u00e4rlden som st\u00e5r under snabb utveckling. Fram tills nu har tekniken dock f\u00f6rlitat sig n\u00e4stan helt p\u00e5 betong som b\u00e4rande material, vilket skulle kunna leda till en enorm \u00f6kning av de framtida koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppen om den blir popul\u00e4r. Genom att anv\u00e4nda lokala jordarter ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r betong skulle Aayushi Bajpayee och hennes kollegor kunna dra nytta av den additiva tillverkningstekniken utan n\u00e5gon kraftig \u00f6kning av branschens koldioxidavtryck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gott om utmaningar<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jordarter \u00e4r dock oerh\u00f6rt heterogena och varierar stort mellan olika geografiska omr\u00e5den. De kan vara torra och dammiga eller tr\u00e4skliknande och bl\u00f6ta, och allt d\u00e4remellan, och blandade med alla m\u00f6jliga slags leror, stenar, mineraler och biologiska material. Forskarnas utmaning bestod av att skapa en palett av olika kemiska protokoll som kunde anpassas f\u00f6r att passa i stort sett alla t\u00e4nkbara jordarter i v\u00e4rlden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dOm vi \u00e5ker till en plats d\u00e4r vi inte vet vilken jordm\u00e5nen \u00e4r kan vi g\u00f6ra en snabb analys och se vad den inneh\u00e5ller. Sedan anv\u00e4nder vi paletten av tillsatser och olika modifierare f\u00f6r att justera blandningen lite och kan b\u00f6rja skriva ut direkt p\u00e5 plats\u201d, s\u00e4ger Aayushi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att skapa ett s\u00e5dant system m\u00e5ste man f\u00f6rst\u00e5 de inblandade kemiska egenskaperna, fr\u00e5n atom- till centimeterskala. I ett experiment f\u00f6r konceptvalidering<\/a> lyckades forskarna ta jord \u2013 en sorts burwash-lera \u2013 fr\u00e5n College Station i Texas och omvandla den till en str\u00e4ngsprutbar, b\u00e4rande f\u00f6rening som gick att anv\u00e4nda i 3D-skrivaren. Aayushi ber\u00e4ttar att den extremt heterogena blandningen i denna typ av jord innebar en enorm utmaning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVi bevisade att det g\u00e5r att skriva ut n\u00e5gonting s\u00e5 komplicerat som den jord som man hittar hemma i tr\u00e4dg\u00e5rden. Vad som helst efter det m\u00e5ste vara enklare\u201d, s\u00e4ger hon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div>

Vill du veta mer?<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00c4S DEL 2<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lokala jordar kr\u00e4ver varken l\u00e5ngv\u00e4ga transporter eller kolintensiv tillverkning. Vid det h\u00e4r laboratoriet experimenterar man f\u00f6r att se om det kan ge oss en gr\u00f6nare v\u00e4g fram\u00e5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":584,"featured_media":79303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[16721,16715],"class_list":["post-79302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-building-materials","tag-sustainability","category-145","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nKan 3D-utskrift med jord bli ett alternativ till betong? 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