{"id":79447,"date":"2021-03-23T03:01:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T02:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=79447"},"modified":"2021-03-15T12:10:57","modified_gmt":"2021-03-15T11:10:57","slug":"champlain-bridge-deconstruction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/champlain-bridge-deconstruction\/","title":{"rendered":"Hur man monterar ner en femtio \u00e5r gammal bro"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Att l\u00e4gga n\u00e4stan fyra \u00e5r p\u00e5 att noggrant montera ner en bro \u00e4r inget spektakul\u00e4rt jobb. Allt som finns kvar n\u00e4r arbetet \u00e4r klart \u00e4r en tom plats.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men vi tar en titt bakom kulisserna f\u00f6r att se vilka utmaningar som ingenj\u00f6rerna och byggnadsarbetarna m\u00f6ter n\u00e4r de monterar ner Champlain Bridge<\/a> i centrala Montreal i Quebec, Kanada. Det ger en intressant inblick i ett komplicerat projekt som kommer att p\u00e5g\u00e5 under 43 m\u00e5nader.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Champlain Bridge \u00e4r en sju kilometer l\u00e5ng bro \u00f6ver Saint Lawrence-floden<\/a> som invigdes 1962, mitt under den kanadensiska infrastrukturboomen. Bron var ovanligt l\u00e5ng f\u00f6r sin tid, inte minst den 3,4 km l\u00e5nga st\u00e5lkonstruktionen direkt \u00f6ver vattnet. Den var \u00e4ven s\u00e5 h\u00f6g att fartyg p\u00e5 v\u00e4g ut till havs kunde passera under den.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dinu Bumbaru \u00e4r Policy Director vid Heritage Montreal, en ideell organisation som fr\u00e4mjar och skyddar stadens historiska och arkitektoniska arv. Han ber\u00e4ttar att det h\u00e4r kom att bli Kanadas mest trafikerade bro: 60 miljoner fordon passerade varje \u00e5r. Den bidrog till \u00f6kad handel mellan \u00f6stra Kanada och USA samt till att g\u00f6ra Montreal till ett viktigt center f\u00f6r tillverkningsindustrin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dBron blev vida omtalad som en enast\u00e5ende teknisk prestation p\u00e5 grund av l\u00e4ngden och anv\u00e4ndningen av bj\u00e4lkar och d\u00e4ck av sp\u00e4nnarmerad betong, i kombination med utmaningen att korsa den m\u00e4ktiga Saint Lawrence-floden som p\u00e5 vintern t\u00e4cks av packis\u201d, s\u00e4ger Dinu.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En v\u00e4xande fara<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Men \u00e5r 2011 b\u00f6rjade det bli allt tydligare att bron var i allt s\u00e4mre skick. Det otillr\u00e4ckliga dr\u00e4neringssystemet klarade inte l\u00e4ngre av Quebecs tuffa vintrar och t\u00f6v\u00e4der. Omfattande anv\u00e4ndning av v\u00e4gsalt hade f\u00e5tt metallen att rosta, och vibrationerna fr\u00e5n lastbilar slet p\u00e5 viadukten. Resultatet blev ett orov\u00e4ckande n\u00e4t av sprickor i de enorma pylonerna.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saeed Mizra<\/a>, f\u00f6re detta konstruktionsspecialist vid McGill University beskrev det som att bron hade den tekniska motsvarigheten till obotlig cancer. Den kanadensiska regeringen beslutade att ers\u00e4tta bron.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fackverket av st\u00e5l f\u00f6rst\u00e4rktes f\u00f6r 500 miljoner kanadensiska dollar (3 miljarder kronor) s\u00e5 att det kunde b\u00e4ra den s\u00f6ndervittrande strukturen under tiden som en ny snedkabelbro byggdes. Den nya Champlain Bridge invigdes den 28 juni 2019 och den gamla bron togs officiellt ur bruk samma dag.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uppskalad nedmontering<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDet \u00e4r den stora skalan som g\u00f6r nedmonteringen av Champlain Bridge till ett s\u00e5 unikt projekt; det omfattar 287 000 ton material. Bron \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 i ett mycket d\u00e5ligt skick, vilket tillsammans med de gjorda f\u00f6rst\u00e4rkningarna skapar en enorm utmaning f\u00f6r ingenj\u00f6rerna\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie Lessard, kommunikationschef vid det federala brof\u00f6rvaltningsbolaget Jacques Cartier and Champlain Bridges Inc. (JCCBI). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Champlain
Nedmontering av Champlain Bridge i Montreal, Kanada. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I juni f\u00f6rra \u00e5ret skrev JCCBI ett specialrivningskontrakt p\u00e5 400 miljoner kanadensiska dollar (2,6 miljarder kronor) med Nouvel Horizon St-Laurent G.P. (NHSL), ett bolag bildat av Pomerleau Inc. och Delsan-A.I.M. Environmental Services Inc. Arbetet med att montera ner Champlain Bridge<\/a> kommer att ta 43 m\u00e5nader och avslutas i januari 2024. Rivningen b\u00f6rjade i augusti 2020 och f\u00f6rv\u00e4ntas kosta 225,7 miljoner kanadensiska dollar (1,477 miljarder kronor), och resterande del av budgeten \u00e4r avsedd f\u00f6r \u00e5terst\u00e4llning av stranden efter rivningen. Upp till 200 personer kommer att arbeta p\u00e5 platsen samtidigt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dSom vid alla rivningsjobb kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6rstklassig teknik eftersom det kan f\u00f6rekomma farliga och instabila f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden. Sektioner av st\u00e5l och armerad betong m\u00e5ste tas bort bit f\u00f6r bit. Varje g\u00e5ng en betongbalk tas bort finns risken att strukturen blir instabil. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r kr\u00e4vs exakt kontroll i varje steg, vilket i sin tur kr\u00e4ver noggrann planering och utf\u00f6rande\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mer \u00e4n tv\u00e5 tredjedelar av bron m\u00e5ste monteras ner fr\u00e5n Saint Lawrence-floden. Arbetarna anv\u00e4nder olika typer av plattformar f\u00e4sta vid kraftiga lyfttorn p\u00e5 katamaranpr\u00e5mar. Huvuddelen av arbetet planeras utf\u00f6ras mellan \u00e5r 2021 och 2023.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDet finns omst\u00e4ndigheter som g\u00f6r att arbetet m\u00e5ste avbrytas under vissa perioder\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie. \u201dVi kan till exempel bara arbeta p\u00e5 den del av bron som g\u00e5r \u00f6ver Saint Lawrence-leden medan den \u00e4r st\u00e4ngd f\u00f6r fartygstrafik under januari och februari. Om vi missar den h\u00e4r tidsluckan m\u00e5ste vi v\u00e4nta ett helt \u00e5r. Det finns ocks\u00e5 perioder mellan april och augusti d\u00e5 vi m\u00e5ste ta h\u00e4nsyn till k\u00e4nsliga fiskhabitat.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nedmonteringen av st\u00e5lkonstruktionen \u00f6ver floden, som inneb\u00e4r att en h\u00e4ngbro p\u00e5 2 200 ton ska s\u00e4nkas ned och forslas bort p\u00e5 pr\u00e5mar med hj\u00e4lp av domkrafter, planeras starta h\u00f6sten 2021 och p\u00e5g\u00e5 under hela vintern. P\u00e5 platser d\u00e4r vattnet \u00e4r f\u00f6r grunt f\u00f6r pr\u00e5mar har man byggt bryggor.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Den
Flygfoto av den ursprungliga Champlain Bridge i Montreal, Quebec, Kanada d\u00e5 den h\u00f6ll p\u00e5 att byggas p\u00e5 1960-talet. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e4refter kommer konsoler och ankarf\u00e4sten att monteras ner med hj\u00e4lp av kranar uppst\u00e4llda p\u00e5 bryggor. Under den sista etappen kommer bropelarna att rivas med hj\u00e4lp av kraftiga gr\u00e4vmaskiner. Projektet slutf\u00f6rs under f\u00f6rsta delen av 2024 d\u00e5 bryggorna monteras ner. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDet \u00e4r strukturens och byggnadsarbetarnas s\u00e4kerhet som har styrt vilka nedmonteringsmetoder vi har valt\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie Lessard. \u201dDessutom m\u00e5ste vi f\u00f6lja riktlinjer g\u00e4llande covid-19. Medarbetarna har f\u00e5tt en hel del utbildning av NHSL.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e5llbara<\/strong> <\/strong> metoder med fokus p\u00e5 forskning och utveckling<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nathalie ber\u00e4ttar att rivningsprojektet \u00e4ven \u00e4r ovanligt genom att man prioriterar h\u00e5llbarhet. \u201dVi vidtog milj\u00f6skyddande \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att minimera p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 Saint Lawrence-floden och den biologiska m\u00e5ngfalden\u201d, s\u00e4ger hon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVi utf\u00f6r ocks\u00e5 forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt<\/a> i samarbete med sju olika universitet under nedmonteringen\u201d, till\u00e4gger Nathalie. \u201dDet \u00e4r en unik m\u00f6jlighet f\u00f6r forskare att arbeta med en storskalig struktur och resultaten kommer att \u00f6ka kunskapen om prestanda och livsl\u00e4ngd hos infrastruktur avsev\u00e4rt.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nytt liv f\u00f6r \u00e5tervunnet <\/strong> bromaterial och allm\u00e4nna platser<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Efter nedmonteringen planerar JCCBI att \u00e5tervinna eller \u00e5teranv\u00e4nda 90 % av 250 000 ton betong, 25 000 ton st\u00e5l och 12 000 ton asfalt. \u201dMerparten av st\u00e5lbalkarna som har installerats som st\u00f6d f\u00f6r bron under de senaste fem \u00e5ren \u00e4r fortfarande i gott skick och det vore idealiskt om materialet kunde \u00e5teranv\u00e4ndas i andra projekt i st\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att sm\u00e4ltas ner\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie Lessard.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dStaden Montreal vill till exempel \u00e5teranv\u00e4nda vissa st\u00e5lkomponenter fr\u00e5n bron f\u00f6r att bygga en cykel- eller g\u00e5ngbro, och betong kan \u00e5teranv\u00e4ndas i m\u00e5nga olika typer av infrastrukturprojekt\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Nathalie kommer man antagligen att arrangera en t\u00e4vling i \u00e5r f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 in f\u00f6rslag p\u00e5 offentliga konstinstallationer och kreativa id\u00e9er som anv\u00e4nder sig av delar fr\u00e5n bron. Stadens inv\u00e5nare har ocks\u00e5 kommit med synpunkter g\u00e4llande ny utveckling av strandomr\u00e5det\u201d, ber\u00e4ttar Nathalie. Cirka 5 000 personer deltog i offentliga m\u00f6ten d\u00e4r f\u00f6rslag att skapa b\u00e4ttre tillg\u00e5ng till floden samt fler g\u00e5ng- och cykelv\u00e4gar parallellt med den nya bron framf\u00f6rdes.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVi vill ha n\u00e5got som blir till ett minne \u00f6ver den gamla bron\u201d, s\u00e4ger Nathalie. \u201dDet skulle vara fantastiskt om vi kunde f\u00e5 offentliga konstverk tillverkade av \u00e5teranv\u00e4nt material fr\u00e5n bron.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dMot slutet var folk ibland r\u00e4dda f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra \u00f6ver Champlain Bridge men bron har bidragit enormt till Montreals sociala och ekonomiska utveckling\u201d, till\u00e4gger hon. \u201dVi vill bevara historien. Vi vill fira minnet av bron.\u201d <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi bes\u00f6ker dem som arbetar med att montera ner Champlain Bridge i Montreal, Kanada och f\u00e5r en inblick i ett komplext projekt som str\u00e4cker sig \u00f6ver flera \u00e5r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":641,"featured_media":79448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,144],"tags":[16727],"class_list":["post-79447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","category-projects","tag-horizontal","category-145","category-144","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nNedmonteringen av Champlain Bridge - Built | SE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u00e4s om den komplicerade processen att riva Champlain Bridge i Montreal och varf\u00f6r man f\u00f6redrog nedmontering som metod.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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