{"id":79526,"date":"2021-03-25T03:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-25T02:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=79526"},"modified":"2025-11-06T18:45:26","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T17:45:26","slug":"mushroom-brick-construction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/mushroom-brick-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"Kommer byggbranschen anv\u00e4nda tegelstenar av svamp?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Illustration av Rae Scarf\u00f3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svampar \u00e4r en av de \u00e4ldsta organiska livsformerna p\u00e5 jorden, men f\u00f6r sin \u00e5lder \u00e4r de trendigare \u00e4n man kan tro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktum \u00e4r att de h\u00e4r komplexa organismerna har st\u00e5tt i centrum f\u00f6r m\u00e5nga av dagens ledande tekniska innovationer. Fr\u00e5n h\u00f6gteknologisk k\u00f6tters\u00e4ttning<\/a> till futuristiska textilier<\/a> \u2013 svampen verkar dyka upp \u00f6verallt, och byggmaterial \u00e4r inget undantag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ny forskning visar att svamp har unika egenskaper som ett i h\u00f6g grad f\u00f6rnybart material. P\u00e5 senare \u00e5r har laboratorieodlad svamp anv\u00e4nts p\u00e5 en rad olika s\u00e4tt, till exempel till akustikpaneler<\/a> och golv<\/a>. Tillverkningen utg\u00e5r i samtliga fall fr\u00e5n samma bas: den del av svampen som kallas mycel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martina Eandi \u00e4r arkitekt och forskare vid det portugisiska materialforskningsinstitutet Critical Concrete. Hon f\u00f6rst\u00e5r det \u00f6kande intresset f\u00f6r att anv\u00e4nda mycel som byggmaterial. Hon ser ocks\u00e5 hur framtiden f\u00f6r den h\u00e4r fascinerande livsformen kan komma att se ut n\u00e4r branschen forts\u00e4tter att r\u00f6ra sig mot mer h\u00e5llbara byggmaterial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En konstn\u00e4rlig b\u00f6rjan<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En av de f\u00f6rsta som ins\u00e5g mycelets m\u00f6jligheter som byggmaterial var inte alls involverad i byggbranschen. \u201dEn av de personer som var f\u00f6rst med att unders\u00f6ka hur mycelbaserade material kan anv\u00e4ndas var konstn\u00e4ren och uppfinnaren Philip Ross<\/a>. Han experimenterar med m\u00f6jligheten att anv\u00e4nda svampmaterial f\u00f6r design och byggande\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina. \u201dHan var n\u00e5got av en forskarpionj\u00e4r inom det h\u00e4r omr\u00e5det, och visade vilka olika m\u00f6jligheter som finns med materialet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Philip Ross arbetade som konstn\u00e4r innan han blev medgrundare till ett nytt f\u00f6retag inom mycelmaterial, MycoWorks<\/a>. Han b\u00f6rjade med att bygga sm\u00e5skaliga \u201dtehus\u201d<\/a> av svamp, som han st\u00e4llde ut p\u00e5 olika gallerier i Europa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dHan gjorde en installation av myceltegel\u201d, ber\u00e4ttar Martina Eandi, \u201dmed arten ganoderma lucidum och med s\u00e5gsp\u00e5n som substrat. Det var ett av de f\u00f6rsta projekten som unders\u00f6kte den h\u00e4r typen av m\u00f6jligheter.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konceptet med svamparkitektur fick snabbt f\u00e4ste i konstv\u00e4rlden. New York-arkitekten David Benjamin ritade ett torn av myceltegel<\/a> till innerg\u00e5rden p\u00e5 MoMA PS1, och konstn\u00e4ren och scenografen Pascal Leboucq skapade en popup-paviljong<\/a> f\u00f6r Dutch Design Week. Mycel \u00e4r biologiskt nedbrytbart, h\u00e5llbart och f\u00f6rv\u00e5nansv\u00e4rt enkelt att arbeta med, och blev snabbt ett popul\u00e4rt material bland konstn\u00e4rer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Multifunktionell svamp<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Martina ber\u00e4ttar att mycelteglet, trots den konstn\u00e4rliga bakgrunden, ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r stabilare \u00e4n m\u00e5nga f\u00f6rst tror.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dP\u00e5 Critical Concrete arbetar vi med att bryta ner en del av de f\u00f6rdomar som m\u00e4nniskor har n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att anv\u00e4nda organiska material inom arkitektur\u201d, s\u00e4ger hon. Folk brukar vara oroliga f\u00f6r effekterna av vatten och fukt, om materialet \u00e4r brands\u00e4kert, hur l\u00e4nge det h\u00e5ller och andra saker som handlar om t\u00e5lighet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mycel \u00e4r ett f\u00f6rv\u00e5nansv\u00e4rt robust material<\/a>. Sj\u00e4lva svampen \u00e4r hydrofob och klarar stora p\u00e5frestningar. Den kan ocks\u00e5 odlas specifikt f\u00f6r att uppfylla kraven f\u00f6r det aktuella anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5det i den tillt\u00e4nkta byggnaden genom att man byter ut s\u00e5v\u00e4l odlingsform som substrat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[SE \u00c4VEN: Det gamla, och ovanliga, byggmaterialet som f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker g\u00f6ra comeback \u2013 hampa<\/a>]<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

\u201dEnkelt uttryckt \u00e4r mycel bara svampens vegetativa del\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina. \u201dOch det finns m\u00e5nga variabler som man kan justera i odlingsprocessen f\u00f6r att uppmuntra utvecklingen av en viss f\u00e4rg, yttjocklek, konsistens och s\u00e5 vidare.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dVarje svamp i sl\u00e4ktet har sina egna specifika egenskaper och idealiska f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar f\u00f6r tillv\u00e4xt\u201d, forts\u00e4tter hon. \u201dMan kan ocks\u00e5 styra odlingsprocessen genom att byta svampart och typologi f\u00f6r det substrat som den v\u00e4xer i. Denna svampart \u00e4r extremt formbar eftersom den anpassar sig efter den form som man s\u00e4tter den i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byggare kan ocks\u00e5 anv\u00e4nda substratet f\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma tegelstenens densitet. \u201dMycel i sig sj\u00e4lvt har en mycket l\u00e5g densitet\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina, \u201dvilket g\u00f6r att det kan v\u00e4xa bland fibrerna i det substrat man v\u00e4ljer. Genom att justera substratets porositet och densitet kan man ocks\u00e5 styra densiteten hos det f\u00e4rdiga materialet. Man kan till exempel skapa ett isolerande material genom att gynna en t\u00e4tare tillv\u00e4xt.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att mycelet \u00e4r relativt enkelt att skapa \u00e4r ytterligare en f\u00f6rdel. \u201dMan kan k\u00f6pa fr\u00f6n inympade med mycel och blanda dem med ett valfritt steriliserat substrat, tillsammans med ett tillsatsmedel som gynnar tillv\u00e4xt\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina. \u201dVi brukar anv\u00e4nda majsst\u00e4rkelse. Materialet skapas genom att svampen v\u00e4xer, \u00e4ter sig in i substratet och bildar en struktur. Det enda man beh\u00f6ver f\u00f6r att det ska h\u00e4nda \u00e4r att h\u00f6ja fukthalten n\u00e5got och reglera temperaturen i utrymmet.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martina betonar att man beh\u00f6ver en steril milj\u00f6 och l\u00e4mpliga verktyg och f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 en idealisk tillv\u00e4xt, men s\u00e4ger att det \u00e4r fullt m\u00f6jligt att reproducera processen i en icke-specialiserad milj\u00f6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fokus p\u00e5 framtiden<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Med tanke p\u00e5 att det finns s\u00e5 m\u00e5nga t\u00e4nkbara anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den f\u00f6rblir fr\u00e5gan om hur mycel b\u00e4st kan anv\u00e4ndas i byggbranschen \u00f6ppen. \u201dVi har sett m\u00e5nga exempel p\u00e5 hur teglet anv\u00e4nds utomhus\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina, \u201dtill exempel i MoMA-installationen. Men just nu ser vi materialet utvecklas allt mer f\u00f6r inomhustill\u00e4mpningar. Det g\u00f6rs mycket arbete inom isolering, bland annat av ett italienskt f\u00f6retag som s\u00e4ljer mycelbaserade akustikpaneler<\/a>. Vi ser ocks\u00e5 materialet anv\u00e4ndas i m\u00e5nga konsumtionsvaror \u2013 allt fr\u00e5n m\u00f6bler till mode. Det finns till och med ett f\u00f6retag i USA som odlar biologiskt nedbrytbara mycelf\u00f6rpackningar<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martina och de andra p\u00e5 Critical Concrete ska nu b\u00f6rja undervisa i odling av myceltegel genom sin l\u00e4randeplattform online, Criti.Co<\/a>. Martina hoppas att det kan f\u00e5 materialet att introduceras f\u00f6r en bredare publik av arkitekter och designers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kursen heter Organic Material in Architecture: Inside Mycelium<\/a>, och kommer att ge en \u00f6versikt \u00f6ver materialets tekniska egenskaper och utforska m\u00f6jligheterna att anv\u00e4nda materialet inom arkitektur och byggande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dMycel \u00e4r ett material utan p\u00e5verkan, det \u00e4r till hundra procent organiskt, helt komposterbart och naturligt p\u00e5 alla s\u00e4tt\u201d, s\u00e4ger Martina. \u201dDet kr\u00e4vs inte mycket energi f\u00f6r att odla det, och det g\u00e5r att framst\u00e4lla relativt enkelt i alla ordentligt sanerade utrymmen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Genomskinligt<\/div>

Har du h\u00f6rt talas om transparent tr\u00e4?<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00e4s mer<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ny forskning om svampens unika egenskaper som ett mycket f\u00f6rnybart material pekar p\u00e5 en m\u00f6jlig framtid inom byggande<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":595,"featured_media":79527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145,144],"tags":[16721,16728],"class_list":["post-79526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","category-projects","tag-building-materials","tag-vertical","category-145","category-144","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nKommer byggbranschen anv\u00e4nda tegelstenar av svamp? - Built | SE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ny forskning om svampens unika egenskaper som ett mycket f\u00f6rnybart material pekar p\u00e5 en m\u00f6jlig framtid inom byggande\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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