{"id":80333,"date":"2021-11-12T03:01:22","date_gmt":"2021-11-12T02:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=80333"},"modified":"2021-11-08T15:38:53","modified_gmt":"2021-11-08T14:38:53","slug":"sand-shortage-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/sand-shortage-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Sandbristen 2021: b\u00f6rjar v\u00e4rlden f\u00e5 slut p\u00e5 sand?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Varje sommar fylls str\u00e4nderna av fantasifulla barn som bygger sandslott, men sanden \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 en grundl\u00e4ggande komponent i de vuxnas byggsektor. Som grund f\u00f6r n\u00e5gra av branschens mest anv\u00e4nda material \u2013 d\u00e4ribland betong, som \u00e4r ett blandmaterial av sand och grus \u2013 \u00e4r sand enligt FN ocks\u00e5 den volymm\u00e4ssigt n\u00e4st st\u00f6rsta resursen<\/a> efter vatten som utvinns och s\u00e4ljs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ver hela v\u00e4rlden \u00f6kar efterfr\u00e5gan p\u00e5 nya bost\u00e4der, kommersiella lokaler, v\u00e4gar och annan infrastruktur. Eftersom sand anv\u00e4nds i allt fr\u00e5n cement till betong, byggnadsfundament och glastillverkning verkar det r\u00e5da brist p\u00e5 sand. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det \u00e4r sv\u00e5rt att f\u00f6rest\u00e4lla sig att sanden i v\u00e4rlden skulle kunna ta slut. T\u00e4nk bara p\u00e5 Sahara\u00f6knen, som \u00e4r hela 9,2 miljoner kvadratkilometer stor och n\u00e4stan helt best\u00e5r av sand. Men sanden i Sahara och andra \u00f6kenomr\u00e5den l\u00e4mpar sig inte f\u00f6r att bygga med. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandproduktionen \u00f6vervakas inte, men det g\u00f6r tillverkningen av betong och cement, och de som f\u00f6ljer branschen kan med hj\u00e4lp av produktionssiffrorna f\u00f6r dessa material uppskatta hur mycket sand som tas upp ur marken och av vem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varf\u00f6r \u00e4r det brist p\u00e5 sand? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kina, som stod f\u00f6r 32 % av den globala byggverksamheten 2020<\/a>, tillverkar mer cement och betong \u2013 som b\u00e5da kr\u00e4ver sand \u2013 \u00e4n \u00f6vriga v\u00e4rlden tillsammans<\/a>. En annan h\u00e4pnadsv\u00e4ckande uppgift<\/a> \u00e4r att Kina sedan 2003 har gjutit mer betong vart tredje \u00e5r \u00e4n USA vad gjorde under hela 1900-talet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samtidigt \u00e4r den globala efterfr\u00e5gan p\u00e5 sand och grus enorm. Enligt FN:s ber\u00e4kningar l\u00e5g den 2019 p\u00e5 omkring 40\u201350 miljarder ton<\/a>. Och \u00e4ven om covid-19-pandemin har f\u00e5tt f\u00f6rbrukningen att plana ut en aning det senaste \u00e5ret kommer siffran att stiga kraftigt nu n\u00e4r den globala ekonomiska aktiviteten \u00e5terupptas. FN f\u00f6rutsp\u00e5r en ungef\u00e4rlig tillv\u00e4xt p\u00e5 6 % per \u00e5r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad betyder den h\u00e4r tillv\u00e4xten f\u00f6r sandbristen? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandf\u00f6rvaltning <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Det st\u00e4lls allt fler krav p\u00e5 \u201dsandf\u00f6rvaltning\u201d f\u00f6r att skydda s\u00e5v\u00e4l sandf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjningen som de lokala livsmilj\u00f6er som sanden utvinns ur. Joyce Msuya, som \u00e4r chef f\u00f6r FN:s milj\u00f6program, inledde 2019 FN-rapporten \u201dSand & Sustainability: Finding New Solutions for Environmental Governance of Global Sand Resources\u201d med att konstatera att v\u00e4rlden spenderar sin \u201dsandbudget\u201d snabbare \u00e4n den klarar att producera sand p\u00e5 ett ansvarsfullt s\u00e4tt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dGenom att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra f\u00f6rvaltningen av de globala sandresurserna kan vi b\u00e4ttre hantera den h\u00e4r viktiga resursen p\u00e5 ett h\u00e5llbart s\u00e4tt och verkligen visa att infrastruktur och natur kan g\u00e5 hand i hand\u201d, skriver hon i rapporten. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5dana fr\u00e5gor har h\u00f6g prioritet hos dagens politiska beslutsfattare som d\u00e4rf\u00f6r har efterlyst en b\u00e4ttre hantering av tillg\u00e5ngar och resurser \u2013 p\u00e5 samma s\u00e4tt som n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller v\u00e4rldens tr\u00e4reserver. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt FN:s rapport borde v\u00e4rlden \u00e4gna mycket st\u00f6rre uppm\u00e4rksamhet \u00e5t sandbristen. Internationella organ, lokala och nationella myndigheter, den privata sektorn och lokala samh\u00e4llen uppmanas att alla g\u00f6ra sitt f\u00f6r att bevara sandbest\u00e5nden. I rapporten f\u00f6resl\u00e5s ocks\u00e5 att standarder och b\u00e4sta praxis ska st\u00e4rkas f\u00f6r att \u201dhejda den oansvariga utvinningen\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

FN har dessutom uppmanat l\u00e4nder att investera i registrering och m\u00e4tning av sandproduktionen, och samtidigt \u00f6vervaka och planera utvinningen b\u00e4ttre. Till sist vill man se en b\u00e4ttre dialog mellan ber\u00f6rda parter f\u00f6r att skapa \u201dtransparens och ansvarighet\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kan sanden ta slut? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4r det d\u00e5 m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r v\u00e4rlden att f\u00e5 slut p\u00e5 sand? Enligt brittiska Mineral Products Association<\/a> \u00e4r svaret nej. MPA bekr\u00e4ftar argumenten i FN:s rapport fr\u00e5n 2019, men betonar att den aktuella bristen inte handlar om att sanden \u201dtar slut\u201d, utan \u00e4r resultatet av en uppd\u00e4md efterfr\u00e5gan efter covid-19 som l\u00e5ngt \u00f6verstiger den normala f\u00f6rbrukningstakten. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dStorbritannien har tack vare sin m\u00e5ngfaldiga geologi ett \u00f6verfl\u00f6d av mineralresurser\u201d, s\u00e4ger Mark Russell, MPA:s verkst\u00e4llande direkt\u00f6r f\u00f6r planering och mineralresurser. \u201dOch det betyder att till skillnad fr\u00e5n st\u00e5l, tr\u00e4 och plast, som i huvudsak m\u00e5ste importeras, \u00e4r vi i stort sett sj\u00e4lvf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjande p\u00e5 h\u00f6gkvalitativ sand och grus, det vill s\u00e4ga de r\u00e5varor som betong, asfalt och m\u00e5nga andra produkter tillverkas av.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mark h\u00e4vdar att problemet ligger i att man inte tar h\u00e4nsyn till hur mycket sandbristen kommer att p\u00e5verka framtida byggande och ombyggnad. \u201dKombinera det med de otympliga och underf\u00f6rs\u00f6rjda systemen f\u00f6r att komma \u00e5t och hantera landets resurser \u2013 system som har f\u00f6rsummats allt f\u00f6r l\u00e4nge och inte l\u00e4ngre \u00e4r \u00e4ndam\u00e5lsenliga \u2013 och krydda med en nypa ingripande, reflexm\u00e4ssig politik, s\u00e5 riskerar alltsammans att rasa samman\u201d, till\u00e4gger han. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5 \u00e4ven om farh\u00e5gorna om sandbrist under 2021 kanske \u00e4r \u00f6verdrivna, finns det allts\u00e5 en ber\u00e4ttigad oro \u00f6ver att tillg\u00e5ngen p\u00e5 godk\u00e4nda mineraler minskar. Och det h\u00e4r h\u00e4nder just n\u00e4r den brittiska regeringen vill f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra infrastrukturen, leverera mer bost\u00e4der och program f\u00f6r gr\u00f6n energi \u2013 som alla kr\u00e4ver hundratals miljoner ton mineralprodukter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e5ngsiktig resursplanering <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bortsett fr\u00e5n enstaka st\u00f6rningar menar Mark Russell att branschen \u201dg\u00f6r ett enast\u00e5ende job\u201d n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller att tillgodose materialbehovet. \u201dMen vi beh\u00f6ver akut en l\u00e5ngsiktig plan och en \u00f6versyn av systemet f\u00f6r att uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lla en tillg\u00e5ng p\u00e5 mineraler som kan m\u00f6ta efterfr\u00e5gan, varav den st\u00f6rsta delen genereras av regeringen sj\u00e4lv\u201d, till\u00e4gger han. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mark anser att det finns ett akut behov av att g\u00f6ra resursbed\u00f6mningar och tillg\u00e5ngsrevisioner till \u201den del av projektutv\u00e4rderingen f\u00f6r alla st\u00f6rre infrastruktur- och utvecklingsprojekt”. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDet skulle ge en synlighet som ger branschen tid att planera f\u00f6r ers\u00e4ttningsreserver och ta h\u00e4nsyn till kapaciteten\u201d, s\u00e4ger han. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om tillg\u00e5ngen mot f\u00f6rmodan skulle sjunka till en kritisk niv\u00e5, finns det d\u00e5 n\u00e5gra alternativ till att anv\u00e4nda sand i byggbranschen? Ja, till en viss gr\u00e4ns. Forskare vid Cambridge University har uppt\u00e4ckt att plastavfall efter konsumentledet under vissa f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningar kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att dryga ut sanden n\u00e4r den anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att bygga<\/a>. Dock l\u00e5ter en siffra p\u00e5 10 % plastavfall till 90 % sand inte som s\u00e5 mycket. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Med andra ord verkar sanden vara h\u00e4r f\u00f6r att stanna. Men branschen m\u00e5ste vara vaksam och s\u00e5v\u00e4l producenter som anv\u00e4ndare m\u00e5ste agera ansvarsfullt. Den oundvikliga efterfr\u00e5gan till f\u00f6ljd av ett \u00f6kat byggande kommer att g\u00f6ra det mycket viktigt att hantera och bevaka sandresurserna, och sedan sk\u00f6ta utvinningen av dem, p\u00e5 ett h\u00e5llbart s\u00e4tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det finns gott om innovativa byggmaterial\u00a0\u2026<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00e4s mer<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I en rapport f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 \u00e5r sedan varnade FN om att v\u00e4rlden m\u00e5ste agera nu f\u00f6r att uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lla sandresurserna, som redan \u00e4r pressade av omfattande byggprogram. N\u00e4r byggandet nu forts\u00e4tter efter covid-19, kommer branschen att f\u00e5 brist p\u00e5 ett av de viktigaste byggmaterialen?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":634,"featured_media":80334,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144],"tags":[16739,16715],"class_list":["post-80333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projects","tag-construction","tag-sustainability","category-144","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nSandbristen 2021: b\u00f6rjar v\u00e4rlden f\u00e5 slut p\u00e5 sand? - Built | SE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I en rapport f\u00f6r tv\u00e5 \u00e5r sedan varnade FN om att v\u00e4rlden m\u00e5ste agera nu f\u00f6r att uppr\u00e4tth\u00e5lla sandresurserna, som redan \u00e4r pressade av omfattande byggprogram. 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