{"id":80483,"date":"2021-11-15T03:01:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T02:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=80483"},"modified":"2021-11-15T10:15:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T09:15:37","slug":"art-of-biomimicry-in-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/art-of-biomimicry-in-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"Biomimik inom arkitekturen hj\u00e4lper byggbranschen och andra sektorer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Vad \u00e4r biomimik?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Biomimik handlar om att ta de b\u00e4sta egenskaperna hos den flora och fauna som omger oss och omvandla till produkter och tekniker som kan g\u00f6ra v\u00e5ra liv b\u00e4ttre. Det som f\u00e5r djur och v\u00e4xter att frodas kan utnyttjas f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 byggnader och maskiner att fungera mer effektivt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e4nniskor har intresserat sig f\u00f6r att h\u00e4rma naturen i \u00e5rhundraden. I den grekiska mytologin f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte den unge Ikaros med hj\u00e4lp av fj\u00e4drar f\u00e4sta med vax p\u00e5 armarna flyga som en f\u00e5gel. Han ville fly fr\u00e5n en grotta h\u00f6gt uppe p\u00e5 en klippa \u00f6ver havet, d\u00e4r han hade suttit f\u00e4ngslad tillsammans med sin far, uppfinnaren Daidalos.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyv\u00e4rr fick pojkens liv ett klibbigt slut. Han struntade i sin fars v\u00e4djan att inte flyga f\u00f6r n\u00e4ra solen. Vaxet som h\u00f6ll fast vingarna p\u00e5 armarna sm\u00e4lte, fj\u00e4drarna bl\u00e5ste bort och Ikaros st\u00f6rtade mot sin underg\u00e5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ber\u00e4ttelsen om Ikaros \u00e4r bara en legend, men den illustrerar ett tidigt f\u00f6rs\u00f6k att anv\u00e4nda naturens v\u00e4rld som f\u00f6rebild f\u00f6r m\u00e4nskliga prestationer. Senare, p\u00e5 1500-talet, ritade Leonardo da Vinci en flygmaskin<\/a> som tydligt efterliknade en f\u00e5gel. Maskinens f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande mellan kraft och tyngd innebar dock att piloten m\u00e5ste ha haft sv\u00e5rt att f\u00e5 den att lyfta. Mer \u00e4n 500 \u00e5r senare anv\u00e4nder ingenj\u00f6rer fortfarande naturen som inspirationsk\u00e4lla, men med betydligt st\u00f6rre genomslagskraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Moderna exempel p\u00e5 biomimik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Leonardo da Vinci var f\u00f6re sin tid, men idag finns det or\u00e4kneliga exempel p\u00e5 teknik som bygger p\u00e5 biomimik. Fr\u00e5ga bara kn\u00f6lvalen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mannen med det passande namnet Frank Fish \u00e4r en amerikansk professor i biologi som har uppt\u00e4ckt att kn\u00f6larna<\/a> \u2013 som kallas tuberkler \u2013 p\u00e5 framkanten av en kn\u00f6lvals br\u00f6stfenor hj\u00e4lper valen att g\u00f6ra tv\u00e4ra v\u00e4ndningar n\u00e4r den jagar f\u00f6da. Man kan s\u00e4ga att de fungerar som aerodynamiska kraftf\u00f6rst\u00e4rkare. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I senare tester har man anv\u00e4nt modifierade versioner av valens \u201dteknik\u201d p\u00e5 vindkraftverk, fl\u00e4ktar och skeppsroder f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra dem \u00e4nnu mer aerodynamiska. Det har till och med f\u00f6reslagits att man genom att tillverka flygplansvingar med liknande kn\u00f6lar skulle kunna h\u00f6ja flygs\u00e4kerheten<\/a> och minska br\u00e4nslekostnaderna genom att ta bort de kontrollytor som beh\u00f6vs f\u00f6r att \u00e4ndra planets stallegenskaper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biomimisk arkitektur: Gherkin-byggnaden<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Det finns m\u00e5nga andra exempel p\u00e5 biomimik inom arkitekturen. Ett exempel fr\u00e5n byggbranschen \u00e4r biomimiken i den s\u00e5 kallade Gherkin<\/a> (\u201dgurkan\u201d) i London, \u00e4ven k\u00e4nd som 30 St Mary Axe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Formen till trots \u00e4r Gherkin inte inspirerad av en gr\u00f6nsak. Det \u00e4r ist\u00e4llet den utv\u00e4ndiga, v\u00e4vliknande konstruktionen som efterliknar den som finns p\u00e5 havssvampen venus blomsterkorg<\/a> och som f\u00e5r luften att fl\u00f6da runt byggnadens utsida. Arkitekten Norman Foster anv\u00e4nde den h\u00e4r egenskapen f\u00f6r att driva ett naturligt ventilationssystem i kombination med stora luftintag i markplan, vilket minskade behovet av luftkonditionering med hela 50 %. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Zimbabwe designades samtidigt en annan konstruktion som bygger p\u00e5 vad v\u00e5ra v\u00e4nner djuren sysslar med n\u00e4r vi inte ser dem. Shoppingcentret Eastgate<\/a> designades med ventilationsteknik inspirerad av de stora h\u00f6gar som byggs av termiter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De h\u00e4r h\u00f6garna \u2013 som kan vara flera meter h\u00f6ga \u2013 fungerar som ett slags ventilationsenheter f\u00f6r termiterna som bor under dem och anv\u00e4nder ett unikt luftfl\u00f6dessystem som energimedvetna designers tyckte var intressant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mick Pearce, arkitekten bakom shoppingcentret Eastgate, ritade byggnaden med naturlig ventilation och kylning och undvek p\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt de h\u00f6ga kostnader som annars \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med temperaturstyrning i en kontorsbyggnad av glas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plast av mycel, ett underverk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00f6nsakerna \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 en del av ekvationen. Londonbaserade Biohm<\/a> har utvecklat en isoleringspanel f\u00f6r byggnader som \u00e4r konstruerad av mycel, det vill s\u00e4ga svampars tr\u00e5dliknande rotstruktur. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6retaget h\u00e4vdar att isoleringspaneler tillverkade av mycel har b\u00e4ttre termiska egenskaper och brands\u00e4kerhet \u00e4n rivalerna utan mycel, och att de dessutom \u00e4r mer h\u00e5llbara tack vare att mycelet konsumerar organiskt och syntetiskt avfall som annars skulle g\u00e5 till deponi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e5 annat h\u00e5ll har forskare vid University of Cambridge<\/a> utvecklat en plastliknande film av sojaprotein som h\u00e4rmar egenskaperna hos spindelsilke \u2013 ett av naturens starkaste material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt universitetet lyckades forskarna f\u00e5 fram samma konstruktion som i spindelsilke med hj\u00e4lp av sojaproteinisolat. \u201dEftersom alla proteiner best\u00e5r av polypeptidkedjor kan vi under r\u00e4tt f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00e5 v\u00e4xtproteiner att bygga upp sig sj\u00e4lva precis som spindelsilke\u201d, s\u00e4ger professor Tuomas Knowles p\u00e5 Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry vid University of Cambridge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanske borde design baserad p\u00e5 biomimik anv\u00e4ndas i st\u00f6rre utstr\u00e4ckning i byggbranschen, och f\u00f6r ingenj\u00f6rsprojekt i allm\u00e4nhet, men investerarna tycks ha en viss motvilja mot att engagera sig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hindras de biomimiska innovationerna av tr\u00f6ga investerare?  <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Michael Pawlyn, grundare av Exploration Architecture \u2013 ett f\u00f6retag i London som arbetar med biomimisk arkitektur \u2013 har sagt till Institute of Mechanical Engineering<\/a> att en del av problemet med biomimik inom arkitekturen handlar om logistiken \u2013 och kostnaderna \u2013 som \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippade med att forska om och utveckla potentiella resultat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dBiomimisk innovation har vissa f\u00f6rdelar j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med andra metoder. Den fr\u00e4msta f\u00f6rdelen \u00e4r att biomimiken bygger p\u00e5 id\u00e9er som redan har visat sig fungera i naturen. Men m\u00e5nga av de id\u00e9er som tas fram kr\u00e4ver ordentlig forskning och utveckling, och det kan vara sv\u00e5rt inom ramen f\u00f6r ett konventionellt projekt\u201d, s\u00e4ger han.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDet andra stora hindret \u00e4r att vi ofta kan f\u00f6resl\u00e5 l\u00f6sningar som \u00e4r mycket b\u00e4ttre p\u00e5 l\u00e5ng sikt \u2013 milj\u00f6m\u00e4ssigt, ekonomiskt och socialt \u2013 men som \u00e4r n\u00e5got dyrare p\u00e5 kort sikt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troligen kommer det h\u00e4r motst\u00e5ndet att minska n\u00e4r samh\u00e4llets olika anstr\u00e4ngningar f\u00f6r att \u00f6ka effektiviteten och h\u00e5llbarheten \u2013 i synnerhet i den byggda milj\u00f6n \u2013 tar fart som svar p\u00e5 uppmaningarna om att bek\u00e4mpa klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarnas effekter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/div>

Arkitekter ritar utrymmen f\u00f6r v\u00e4lm\u00e5ende och helande<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
Ta reda p\u00e5 mer<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e4rlden \u00e4r full av modern teknik, men ingenj\u00f6rer och designers drar sig inte heller f\u00f6r att h\u00e4mta inspiration fr\u00e5n naturen och anv\u00e4nda biomimik f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra byggbranschen och andra sektorer mer effektiva och h\u00e5llbara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":634,"featured_media":80484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[16722],"class_list":["post-80483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-architecture","category-145","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nBiomimik inom arkitektur, design och ingenj\u00f6rskonst - Built | SE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ingenj\u00f6rer, designers och arkitekter h\u00e4rmar ofta djurens och v\u00e4xternas v\u00e4rld f\u00f6r att komma p\u00e5 tekniska l\u00f6sningar p\u00e5 det moderna samh\u00e4llets utmaningar. I allt st\u00f6rre utstr\u00e4ckning anv\u00e4nds biomimik f\u00f6r att g\u00f6ra v\u00e4rlden vi lever i b\u00e4ttre och dj\u00e4rvare.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/art-of-biomimicry-in-architecture\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biomimik inom arkitektur, design och ingenj\u00f6rskonst - Built | SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ingenj\u00f6rer, designers och arkitekter h\u00e4rmar ofta djurens och v\u00e4xternas v\u00e4rld f\u00f6r att komma p\u00e5 tekniska l\u00f6sningar p\u00e5 det moderna samh\u00e4llets utmaningar. 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