{"id":80750,"date":"2022-04-21T03:01:25","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T01:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=80750"},"modified":"2022-09-26T10:39:18","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T08:39:18","slug":"digital-twins-in-construction-the-ideal-reality-mirror","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/digital-twins-in-construction-the-ideal-reality-mirror\/","title":{"rendered":"Digitala tvillingar i byggbranschen: en idealisk spegling av verkligheten?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

F\u00f6rest\u00e4ll dig att man tillverkar en produkt \u2013 eller bygger en byggnad \u2013 och n\u00e4r den \u00e4r klar har man samtidigt f\u00e5tt fram en exakt digital kopia av den aktuella tillg\u00e5ngen som kan analyseras f\u00f6r att se till att den fungerar som avsett. Vore inte det bra?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det h\u00e4r \u00e4r inte n\u00e5got fantasifullt p\u00e5hitt av n\u00e5gon tekniker i Silicon Valley \u2013 det \u00e4r en beskrivning av konceptet digitala tvillingar. Det \u00e4r redan verklighet inom omr\u00e5den som tillverkning, och utvecklas p\u00e5 en bredare front s\u00e5 snabbt som den nya teknologin till\u00e5ter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Gemini-principerna<\/a>, som har tagits fram av Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB), \u00e4r en digital tvilling \u201den realistisk avbild av tillg\u00e5ngar, processer eller system i den byggda eller naturliga milj\u00f6n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r en digital tvilling?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Enkelt uttryckt inneb\u00e4r en digital tvilling i praktiken att f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningarna f\u00f6r en produkt kan utv\u00e4rderas p\u00e5 ett tidigt stadium, och att f\u00f6rst\u00e5elsen och samarbetet mellan olika intressenter \u2013 som leverant\u00f6rer, designers m.fl. \u2013 kan f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttras under tiden produkten levereras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CDBB menar att det som skiljer en digital tvilling fr\u00e5n n\u00e5gon annan typ av digital modell \u00e4r dess koppling till sin fysiska tvilling. Baserat p\u00e5 data fr\u00e5n den fysiska tillg\u00e5ngen eller det fysiska systemet g\u00f6r en digital tvilling att \u201dv\u00e4rde skapas fr\u00e4mst genom att fr\u00e4mja b\u00e4ttre beslutsfattande, vilket ger m\u00f6jlighet till positiv \u00e5terkoppling tillbaka till den fysiska tvillingen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vissa menar att utvecklingen av digitala tvillingar inleddes av NASA<\/a> n\u00e4r den amerikanska rymdorganisationen f\u00f6rs\u00f6kte skapa identiska scenarier som skulle hj\u00e4lpa astronauter att klara av rymdresornas p\u00e5frestningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e5dana praktiska fr\u00e5gor \u00e4r uppenbara n\u00e4r det handlar om m\u00e4nniskor som ska ge sig ut i den potentiellt livsfarliga milj\u00f6n i rymden, men enligt teknikj\u00e4tten IBM \u00e4r data nyckeln<\/a> till att lyckas med en digital tvilling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt IBM kan den virtuella modellen, genom att h\u00e4mta information fr\u00e5n data, anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att \u201dk\u00f6ra simulationer, studera prestandaproblem och generera m\u00f6jliga f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringar. M\u00e5let \u00e4r att f\u00e5 fram v\u00e4rdefulla insikter som sedan kan till\u00e4mpas p\u00e5 det ursprungliga fysiska objektet igen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om man drar detta till sin logiska slutsats borde de digitala tvillingarna enligt m\u00e5nga ha en enorm potential i byggbranschen. Enligt Ibrahim Atta-Apau, chef p\u00e5 konsultfirman Atkins<\/a>, kan potentialen f\u00f6r omvandling av byggbranschen redan ses i tillverkningssektorn, \u201dsom har omfamnat anv\u00e4ndningen av data och teknologi f\u00f6r att revolutionera tillverkningsprocessen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Revolutionerande<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Digitala tvillingar, s\u00e4ger han, \u201dinneb\u00e4r helt klart en revolutionerande f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring medan vi forts\u00e4tter att k\u00e4mpa med produktivitetsutmaningar och en bakgrund av oj\u00e4mna resultat n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller projektleveranser, men vi har en bit kvar innan vi kan bli en lysande f\u00f6rebild f\u00f6r andra branscher\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Han p\u00e5pekar att det tog tid f\u00f6r m\u00e4nniskor att acceptera att BIM inte bara var ett slags programvara, utan en hel metodik och ett f\u00f6rh\u00e5llningss\u00e4tt till hela infrastrukturlivscykeln som kr\u00e4ver ett f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat beteende. \u201dDetsamma g\u00e4ller digitala tvillingar\u201d, menar han, och den niv\u00e5 av samarbete som \u00e4r m\u00f6jlig n\u00e4r en hel leveranskedja delar data och information s\u00f6ml\u00f6st medf\u00f6r en enorm potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt SNCLavelin (SNCL), utlovar digitala tvillingar ett mer effektivt projektgenomf\u00f6rande och effektivare design och drift av tillg\u00e5ngar genom att data och information integreras dynamiskt integrera under en tillg\u00e5ngs hela livscykel. Det ger s\u00e5v\u00e4l kort- som l\u00e5ngsiktiga effektivitets- och produktivitetsvinster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SNCL s\u00e4ger: \u201dDet \u00e4r en dataresurs som kan f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra utformningen av en ny tillg\u00e5ng eller f\u00f6rst\u00e5elsen av befintliga tillg\u00e5ngars tillst\u00e5nd. Man kan verifiera den byggda tillg\u00e5ngen, k\u00f6ra \u2019vad-h\u00e4nder-om\u2019-simuleringar och scenarier eller skapa en digital \u00f6gonblicksbild inf\u00f6r framtida arbete. Det har potential att avsev\u00e4rt minska antalet fel och avvikelser som f\u00f6rekommer inom mer traditionella metoder f\u00f6r informationshantering.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Programvaruingenj\u00f6rer utvecklar digitala tvillingar genom att anv\u00e4nda verktyg f\u00f6r virtuell modellering och skapa s\u00e4tt att samla in och analysera relevanta data. Digitala tvillingar kan anv\u00e4ndas i en rad olika branscher<\/a>, fr\u00e5n energi till servicen\u00e4ring och till och med detaljhandel, d\u00e4r databerikade modeller kan h\u00f6ja effektiviteten eller pr\u00f6va teorier om vissa beteenden \u2013 m\u00e4nskliga eller annat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optimering av moderna byggmetoder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vissa tror att anv\u00e4ndningen av digitala tvillingar i byggbranschen kan p\u00e5skynda anv\u00e4ndningen av moderna metoder som modul\u00e4rt byggande och f\u00f6rtillverkning. Enligt entrepren\u00f6ren Lendlease<\/a> kan digitala tvillingar skapa h\u00e5llbarhet som ligger i linje med ett projekts designm\u00e5l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Digitala tvillingar kan enligt f\u00f6retaget avsl\u00f6ja ett projekts troliga koldioxidavtryck och energieffektivitet innan man har tagit det f\u00f6rsta spadtaget. \u201dDessutom inneb\u00e4r teknologin att de olika delarna av en byggnad kan tillverkas i en fabrik utanf\u00f6r byggarbetsplatsen och sedan monteras p\u00e5 plats. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan byggnader inte bara enkelt s\u00e4ttas ihop utan ocks\u00e5 monteras ner och \u00e5teranv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r att fr\u00e4mja en cirkul\u00e4r ekonomi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lendlease s\u00e4ger att en digital tvilling som f\u00f6retaget hade designat var viktig n\u00e4r man skulle testa f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningarna f\u00f6r att bygga ett 29-v\u00e5ningsprojekt av h\u00e5llbart tr\u00e4 i Melbourne, Australien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt entrepren\u00f6ren hade tr\u00e4 aldrig tidigare anv\u00e4nts f\u00f6r en s\u00e5 h\u00f6g byggnad, och \u201dgenom att inkludera projektets processer och material i den digitala tvillingen kunde man identifiera olika alternativ och f\u00e5 en mer detaljerad f\u00f6rst\u00e5else av processerna och utvecklarnas kostnader\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4ven om designprocessen fortfarande befinner sig p\u00e5 ett tidigt stadium ber\u00e4ttar Lendlease att h\u00f6ghusets digitala tvilling redan har bidragit med insikter kring hur man aktivt kan strama \u00e5t tids\u00e5tg\u00e5ngen och kostnaderna f\u00f6r projektet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hur ser framtiden ut?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vart kan de digitala tvillingarna vara p\u00e5 v\u00e4g h\u00e4rn\u00e4st? CDBB f\u00f6rest\u00e4ller sig en tid d\u00e5 det kommer att finnas en \u201cnationell digital tvilling<\/a>\u201d, d\u00e4r ett obegr\u00e4nsat antal digitala tvillingar kombineras till ett sorts ekosystem som sp\u00e4nner \u00f6ver en rad sektorer och sammankopplas via s\u00e4kert delade data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ett s\u00e5dant ekosystem skulle aldrig bli f\u00e4rdigt, f\u00f6rklarar CDBB, utan skulle ist\u00e4llet byggas ut i takt med att infrastrukturen och andra sektorer v\u00e4xte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I grund och botten skulle det vara en st\u00e4ndigt v\u00e4xande, l\u00f6pande utvecklad digital spegling av verkligheten omkring oss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>

Vad smarta byggare beh\u00f6ver veta om BIM och digitala tvillingar<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00c4S MER H\u00c4R<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tack vare att programvaruingenj\u00f6rer skapar digitala tvillingar i byggbranschen kan designers och entrepren\u00f6rer bevaka f\u00f6ruts\u00e4ttningarna f\u00f6r olika teknologier innan de inf\u00f6rlivas i ett byggprojekt<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":587,"featured_media":80751,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[16781,16716],"class_list":["post-80750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-digital-twin","tag-technology","category-145","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nDigitala tvillingar i byggbranschen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Digitala tvillingar \u00e4r avbilder av tillg\u00e5ngar, i form av tillverkade produkter eller byggnader, vilket m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r en tidig bed\u00f6mning av en produkts genomf\u00f6rbarhet.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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