{"id":81157,"date":"2023-02-07T03:01:11","date_gmt":"2023-02-07T02:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=81157"},"modified":"2023-01-29T07:59:19","modified_gmt":"2023-01-29T06:59:19","slug":"is-a-sustainable-urban-mobility-plan-the-solution-to-ailing-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/is-a-sustainable-urban-mobility-plan-the-solution-to-ailing-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c4r planer f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der l\u00f6sningen p\u00e5 storst\u00e4dernas problem?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Enligt V\u00e4rldsbanken<\/a> bor nu \u00f6ver h\u00e4lften (56%) av v\u00e4rldens befolkning i st\u00e4der, och enligt vissa prognoser kommer 7 av 10 att bo i t\u00e4ta stadsmilj\u00f6er 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den press som det stora inv\u00e5narantalet s\u00e4tter p\u00e5 en stads infrastruktur har utmanat myndigheter, lokala planerare och milj\u00f6aktivister att komma med l\u00f6sningar i \u00e5rtionden. Det g\u00e4ller s\u00e4rskilt transporter och de f\u00f6roreningar som f\u00f6ljer av stora trafikfl\u00f6den med privata, offentliga och kommersiella fordon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det \u00e4r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r inte f\u00f6rv\u00e5nande att m\u00e5nga har f\u00f6rs\u00f6kt att omv\u00e4rdera hur m\u00e4nniskor och varor f\u00f6rflyttar sig och transporteras omkring i s\u00e5 stora stadsutrymmen, liksom hur man kan g\u00f6ra r\u00f6rligheten h\u00e5llbar inf\u00f6r ett allt st\u00f6rre hot mot m\u00e4nniskornas och planetens v\u00e4lbefinnande p\u00e5 grund av f\u00f6roreningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Det finns flera definitioner av r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der, eller urban mobilitet, men man kan sammanfatta det som<\/a> all r\u00f6relse av s\u00e5v\u00e4l m\u00e4nniskor som varor som p\u00e5g\u00e5r i en stad med hj\u00e4lp av offentliga eller privata transportmedel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt V\u00e4rldsbanken \u00e4r r\u00f6rligheten i st\u00e4derna inte l\u00e4ngre bara en fr\u00e5ga om att m\u00e4nniskor f\u00f6rflyttar sig med hj\u00e4lp av fordon. \u201dVad m\u00e4nniskor verkligen beh\u00f6ver\u201d, s\u00e4ger banken<\/a>, \u201d\u00e4r tillg\u00e5ng till olika stadstj\u00e4nster. M\u00e5nga exempel fr\u00e5n olika st\u00e4der har visat att b\u00e4ttre tillg\u00e4nglighet inte n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigtvis m\u00e5ste uppn\u00e5s genom att generera motortrafik, s\u00e4rskilt inte i form av privata fordon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra m\u00e4nniskors s\u00e4tt att ta sig runt i en stad blir en allt mer br\u00e5dskande fr\u00e5ga f\u00f6r planerare som arbetar med begr\u00e4nsat utrymme och en v\u00e4xande befolkning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att utveckla system som hj\u00e4lper m\u00e4nniskor, tj\u00e4nster och kommersiella intressen att navigera i v\u00e5ra st\u00e4der har blivit en prioritet f\u00f6r h\u00e5rt pressade lokala myndigheter och f\u00f6retag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r en plan f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En plan f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der \u2013 eller en SUMP, efter engelskans Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan \u2013 beskrivs av det EU-st\u00f6dda initiativet<\/a> Interreg som \u201dett n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt planeringsverktyg f\u00f6r stadsomr\u00e5den som vill r\u00f6ra sig mot mer h\u00e5llbara och inv\u00e5narv\u00e4nliga system f\u00f6r r\u00f6rlighet\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konceptet, som EU-kommissionen h\u00e4vdar ha utarbetat redan i en unders\u00f6kning fr\u00e5n 2013, \u201duppmuntrar utvecklingen av en l\u00e5ngsiktig vision f\u00f6r stadsomr\u00e5det och dess omgivning\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tillg\u00e4nglighet f\u00f6r alla<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ett annat EU-st\u00f6tt organ, Simpla<\/a>, beskriver en SUMP som en plan med det centrala m\u00e5let att \u201df\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra stadsomr\u00e5denas tillg\u00e4nglighet och erbjuda h\u00f6gkvalitativ och h\u00e5llbar r\u00f6rlighet och transport till, genom och inom stadsomr\u00e5det\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simpla menar att en SUMP syftar till att garantera tillg\u00e4nglighet f\u00f6r alla trafikanter, med fokus p\u00e5 s\u00e5 kallade \u201dutsatta anv\u00e4ndare\u201d som fotg\u00e4ngare, cyklister, barn och personer med funktionsneds\u00e4ttningar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En SUMP ska \u201dfr\u00e4mja en balanserad utveckling av alla transports\u00e4tt, ta itu med offentliga och privata, motordrivna och icke-motordrivna transporter, intermodalitet, urban logistik, mobilitetshantering och intelligenta transportsystem\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En SUMP syftar ocks\u00e5 till att minska luft- och bullerf\u00f6roreningarna, f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra trafiks\u00e4kerheten och optimera anv\u00e4ndningen av stadsomr\u00e5den f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 en renare stadsmilj\u00f6 och d\u00e4rmed attraktivare st\u00e4der och b\u00e4ttre livskvalitet f\u00f6r alla inv\u00e5nare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tillkomsten av teknologiskt st\u00f6dda transportn\u00e4tverk, till exempel alternativa bussoperat\u00f6rer<\/a> och cykeldelningssystem<\/a> i st\u00f6rre st\u00e4der, bidrar verkligen till att minska trycket p\u00e5 v\u00e4garna. Beslut om att minska trafikvolymerna i stadsomr\u00e5den hj\u00e4lper till att informera planerare och samh\u00e4llen om vad man kan uppn\u00e5 n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller h\u00e5llbara transporter och r\u00f6rlighet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6rdelar SUMP (planer f\u00f6r h\u00e5llbar r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Akademisk forskning p\u00e5g\u00e5r i syfte att unders\u00f6ka de roller och f\u00f6rdelar som kan uppn\u00e5s om man inf\u00f6r en SUMP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt en unders\u00f6kning<\/a> b\u00f6r modellering av transporter och r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4derna \u201dspela en viktig och integrerad roll n\u00e4r man designar st\u00e4der f\u00f6r allm\u00e4nhetens b\u00e4sta\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt en annan unders\u00f6kning<\/a> kan det dock uppst\u00e5 problem kring en gemensam strategi f\u00f6r s\u00e5dan planering. D\u00e4r skriver man att det f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u201dinte finns n\u00e5gra universellt accepterade kriterier f\u00f6r att sp\u00e5ra utvecklingen av h\u00e5llbara transportprojekt i st\u00e4derna\u201d och att \u201dett sk\u00e4l till detta \u00e4r avsaknaden av ett standardiserat lexikon f\u00f6r element som r\u00f6r h\u00e5llbarhetsm\u00e4tning\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dessutom kan en serie av 16 koldioxidsn\u00e5la investeringar och \u00e5tg\u00e4rder i st\u00e4dernas transport-, bygg-, material- och avfallssektorer minska utsl\u00e4ppen i st\u00e4derna globalt med 90 % fram till 2050. Det h\u00e4vdas i en analys som Vivid Economics och Stockholms internationella milj\u00f6institut f\u00f6r Coalition for Urban Transitions genomf\u00f6rt f\u00f6r V\u00e4rldsbanken<\/a> och publicerat i rapporten Climate Emergency, Urban Opportunity<\/a> nyligen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dI<\/strong> synnerhet investeringar i och \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r koldioxidsn\u00e5la passagerartransporter har f\u00e5tt en avkastning som l\u00e5ngt \u00f6verskrider den som g\u00e4ller f\u00f6r andra sektorer som byggnader, materialeffektivitet och avfall. Tre av dem hade s\u00e4rskilt h\u00f6g avkastning: anv\u00e4ndning av fler effektiva och eldrivna fordon, en l\u00e4gesf\u00f6rskjutning mot kollektivtrafik samt en minskning av efterfr\u00e5gan p\u00e5 motordrivna resor\u201d, till\u00e4gger banken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utmaningar<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Det finns oundvikligen utmaningar med att skapa en SUMP, inte minst i fr\u00e5ga om de stora investeringar som kr\u00e4vs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt V\u00e4rldsbanken kommer \u00f6verg\u00e5ngen till fler effektiva och eldrivna fordon i st\u00e4der v\u00e4rlden \u00f6ver att kr\u00e4va en sammanlagd inkrementell investering p\u00e5 8,6 biljoner US-dollar (n\u00e4rmare 90 biljoner kronor)<\/a>. Det \u00e4r onekligen en enorm summa, men enligt banken skulle den betala sig p\u00e5 \u00e5tta \u00e5r och ge en \u00e5rlig avkastning p\u00e5 320 miljarder US-dollar (drygt 3 biljoner kronor) \u00e5r 2030 och \u00f6ver 1 biljon US-dollar (10 biljoner kronor) 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDen h\u00e4r avkastningen best\u00e5r till stor del av besparingar genom minskad br\u00e4nslef\u00f6rbrukning och undvikande av br\u00e4nslekostnader, utan h\u00e4nsyn till de ekonomiska f\u00f6rdelarna med mindre utsl\u00e4pp och renare luft vilka skulle medf\u00f6ra en \u00e4nnu st\u00f6rre ekonomisk avkastning. Den h\u00e4r investeringen skulle ocks\u00e5 kunna skapa 3,6 miljoner arbetstillf\u00e4llen till 2030\u201d, skriver V\u00e4rldsbanken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andra<\/a> framh\u00e4ver behovet av att f\u00e5 olika intressenter att delta och medborgare att engagera sig, f\u00e5 till st\u00e5nd ett institutionellt samarbete mellan olika sektorer och yrkesomr\u00e5den, identifiera och genomf\u00f6ra de mest effektiva politiska \u00e5tg\u00e4rderna samt \u00f6vervaka och utv\u00e4rdera framstegen f\u00f6r en SUMP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6verg\u00e5ngen till h\u00e5llbara system f\u00f6r r\u00f6rlighet i st\u00e4der kommer att kosta. Vad politiker, f\u00f6retag och samh\u00e4llet som helhet m\u00e5ste avg\u00f6ra \u00e4r om man har r\u00e5d att inte<\/em> investera i s\u00e5dana system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4r h\u00e5llbart stadsbyggande en o\u00e5terkallelig trend?<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00e4s mer h\u00e4r<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mer \u00e4n h\u00e4lften av v\u00e4rldens befolkning bor i st\u00e4der, som bara kommer att bli st\u00f6rre. 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