{"id":81406,"date":"2023-07-12T03:01:22","date_gmt":"2023-07-12T01:01:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=81406"},"modified":"2023-07-03T11:06:38","modified_gmt":"2023-07-03T09:06:38","slug":"how-computational-design-is-taking-construction-to-new-heights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/how-computational-design-is-taking-construction-to-new-heights\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e5 lyfter datorst\u00f6dd design byggbranschen till nya h\u00f6jder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Designmetodernas bakgrund<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e4nniskan har \u00e4gnat sig \u00e5t att uppf\u00f6ra byggnader i tusentals \u00e5r, och under st\u00f6rre delen av tiden har man designat dem med hj\u00e4lp av handritade planer och diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r de moderna datorerna d\u00f6k upp i slutet av 1900-talet f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrades allt.<\/sup> Persondatorerna och den snabba f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttringen av datorbehandlingen \u00f6ppnade en rad nya m\u00f6jligheter f\u00f6r designers, utvecklare och entrepren\u00f6rer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6rst ut var CAD, datorst\u00f6dd design, som togs fram av universitetet MIT i USA tidigt p\u00e5 1960-talet och gav arkitektbranschen ett enormt lyft. N\u00e5got tiotal \u00e5r senare kom de f\u00f6rsta versionerna av byggnadsinformationsmodellering (BIM), som d\u00e4refter utvecklades till den teknologi som vi k\u00e4nner till idag. BIM blev ett allm\u00e4nt accepterat begrepp i b\u00f6rjan av 2000-talet, och f\u00f6rvandlades s\u00e5 sm\u00e5ningom till en serie standarder<\/a> som hj\u00e4lper arkitekter och entrepren\u00f6rer att skapa datorgenererade avbilder av de byggnader som de vill leverera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e5 senare tid har vi sett tillkomsten av maskininl\u00e4rning och artificiell intelligens (AI) som st\u00f6d f\u00f6r byggprocessen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under hela den h\u00e4r utvecklingen har framsteg gjorts inom datorst\u00f6dd design, och man har t\u00e4njt p\u00e5 gr\u00e4nserna f\u00f6r vad som kan uppn\u00e5s i den kreativa delen av byggprocessen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r datorst\u00f6dd design?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Enkelt uttryckt inneb\u00e4r datorst\u00f6dd design att designen g\u00f6rs av en dator. Datorerna har visserligen bidragit till designprocessen under m\u00e5nga \u00e5r, men den \u00f6kade kapaciteten kommer att inneb\u00e4ra en helt ny verklighet f\u00f6r alla som arbetar med den byggda milj\u00f6n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Designers har anv\u00e4nt sin kreativa k\u00e4nsla och kunskap<\/a> f\u00f6r att komma fram till ett koncept, och sedan till\u00e4mpat teknologi \u2013 till exempel programvara f\u00f6r modellering \u2013 f\u00f6r att f\u00f6ra konceptet fram\u00e5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Med datorst\u00f6dd design utvecklas den h\u00e4r processen vidare. En arkitekt anv\u00e4nder en rad inmatningar f\u00f6r att be en maskin att utveckla ett specifikt resultat. Med tanke p\u00e5 att datorerna \u00e4r mer kraftfulla och har st\u00f6rre kapacitet \u00e4n m\u00e4nniskor kan olika designprocesser f\u00f6rkortas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanken \u00e4r att datorst\u00f6dd design ska hj\u00e4lpa dem som arbetar med<\/a> att designa och leverera byggda tillg\u00e5ngar att utnyttja tiden i den kreativa processen b\u00e4ttre. N\u00e4r problem uppst\u00e5r kommer de att kunna l\u00f6sa dem b\u00e4ttre tack vare att de har anv\u00e4nt datorst\u00f6dda designmetoder redan fr\u00e5n b\u00f6rjan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hur fungerar datorst\u00f6dd design i praktiken?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Peter Debney<\/a> fr\u00e5n Arup konstaterar att i traditionell byggnadsdesign \u201dfattas m\u00e5nga beslut tidigt i processen, till exempel konstruktionstyp, pelaravst\u00e5nd och v\u00e5ningsh\u00f6jd, antingen utifr\u00e5n erfarenhet eller enligt tabeller i designguider. Utifr\u00e5n den detaljerade designen g\u00f6rs sedan layoutarbetet, d\u00e4r man fastst\u00e4ller sektionsstorlekar, armeringslayout och detaljer. Medan designen utvecklas av hela teamet kan det dock uppst\u00e5 kostsamma projekt\u00e4ndringar\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Peter Debney anv\u00e4nder den datorst\u00f6dda designen parametrisk design \u2013 \u201dd\u00e4r designen drivs av algoritmer som styrs av designers s\u00e5 att teamet kan utforska v\u00e4rden som pelaravst\u00e5nd\u201d \u2013 och r\u00e4knar ut designkvaliteten automatiskt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDen h\u00e4r kvalitetsbed\u00f6mningen matas tillbaka in i algoritmerna, och ing\u00e5ngsv\u00e4rdena justeras automatiskt tills kvaliteten \u00e4r maximerad\u201d, till\u00e4gger han.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Peter lyfter fram ett exempel i form av Transport for London, den myndighet som sk\u00f6ter stadens kollektivtrafik. De beh\u00f6vde f\u00e5 en stor del av sitt markbest\u00e5nd \u2013 2200 platser p\u00e5 sammanlagt \u00f6ver 16 miljoner kvadratmeter \u2013 utv\u00e4rderat f\u00f6r potentiell utveckling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dRamboll anv\u00e4nde ett internt verktyg f\u00f6r att utforska platsgeometri, tillg\u00e4nglighet, platsspecifika begr\u00e4nsningar och preferenser f\u00f6r att generera potentiella utvecklingsprojekt automatiskt och d\u00e4rmed uppskatta sannolika kostnader, v\u00e4rde och avkastning p\u00e5 varje plats.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dMed den h\u00e4r metoden kunde man f\u00e5 fram information av b\u00e4ttre kvalitet redan tidigt i projektet, och utf\u00f6ra bed\u00f6mningar av projektdesign i en skala som skulle vara om\u00f6jlig utan automatisering.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vilka \u00e4r de huvudsakliga undergrupperna av datorst\u00f6dd design?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Datorst\u00f6dd design inneh\u00e5ller en rad grenar eller undergrupper. Vi har redan ber\u00f6rt parametrisk design. En annan \u00e4r algoritmisk design, tillsammans med generativ design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inom algoritmisk design<\/a> anv\u00e4nder man algoritmer \u2013 en upps\u00e4ttning procedurer som syftar till att l\u00f6sa ett problem \u2013 och till\u00e4mpar dem med en designmetodik som baseras p\u00e5 vilken slags problem som ska l\u00f6sas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inom generativ design<\/a> anger en designer sina \u00f6nskem\u00e5l n\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller slutprodukten, och datorn skapar en 3D-design av den produkten. Ing\u00e5ngsv\u00e4rdena m\u00e5ste vara tydligt definierade, och man m\u00e5ste ta h\u00e4nsyn till vad slutprodukten ska anv\u00e4ndas till.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Aurelie de Boissieu<\/a> p\u00e5 universitetet i Li\u00e8ge ger generativ design \u201cdesigners m\u00f6jlighet att definiera problemutrymmen genom upps\u00e4ttningar av v\u00e4lordnade regler och instruktioner, och intervall av m\u00f6jliga ing\u00e5ngsv\u00e4rden tydligt definierade i dom\u00e4ner. Fr\u00e5n dessa definitioner skapar generativa system olika intervall av utdata.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6rdelarna med datorst\u00f6dd design<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Det finns m\u00e5nga f\u00f6rdelar<\/a> med datorst\u00f6dd design. Det g\u00e5r snabbare att rita med ett CAD-program. Man kan ut\u00f6ka lagringen av komplexa dokument, som det g\u00e5r snabbare och l\u00e4ttare att komma \u00e5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sedan finns det 3D-skanning, kartl\u00e4ggning och datainsamling, som kan matas in f\u00f6r att skapa 3D-utskrivna modeller och d\u00e4rigenom snabba p\u00e5 designfasen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datorst\u00f6dd design kan ge b\u00e4ttre simuleringar, b\u00e4ttre projektledningssystem och b\u00e4ttre riskanalys.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e5 senare tid har robotteknik och AI \u2013 guidade av datorprogram \u2013 blivit det senaste tillskottet till designerns datorbaserade arsenal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att installera intelligent teknologi i en byggnad, till exempel ett responsivt luftkonditioneringssystem som k\u00e4nner av om det finns m\u00e4nniskor i ett rum och d\u00e5 s\u00e4tts p\u00e5 eller st\u00e4ngs av, \u00e4r ytterligare en aspekt av m\u00f6jligheterna med datorst\u00f6dd design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den datorst\u00f6dda byggdesignens framtid<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Byggbranschen str\u00e4var efter att bli mer effektiv och \u00e5terspegla kundernas och andra intressenters \u00f6nskan om st\u00f6rre h\u00e5llbarhet inf\u00f6r det v\u00e4xande hotet fr\u00e5n klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna. D\u00e5 \u00e4r det uppenbart att b\u00e4ttre utformade byggnader, med minimerade design- och leveransfel, \u00e4r v\u00e4gen fram\u00e5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anv\u00e4ndningen av datorer inom byggdesign kommer oundvikligen att \u00f6ka, och g\u00e5 fr\u00e5n att vara ett verktyg som \u00e4r \u201dbra att ha\u201d, eller ett som ger ett f\u00f6retag en konkurrensf\u00f6rdel, till att bli en n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig tillg\u00e5ng som \u00e4r en viktig del av varje f\u00f6retags designprocess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ny typ av arkitekter \u2013 milj\u00f6medvetna, formade av ny teknologi och fullt medvetna om den datorst\u00f6dda designens kraft och omfattning \u2013 kommer att kunna utnyttja metoder f\u00f6r dataprogrammering och leda branschen in i en ny era av effektivitet, produktivitet och b\u00e4ttre byggnader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sedan b\u00f6r man f\u00f6rst\u00e5s t\u00e4nka p\u00e5 det gamla tales\u00e4ttet \u201dskr\u00e4p in, skr\u00e4p ut\u201d. Med andra ord kan datorer och det arbete som de utf\u00f6r aldrig bli b\u00e4ttre \u00e4n den information som m\u00e4nniskor ger dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Det kommer dock inte att kunna stoppa den datorst\u00f6dda designens framfart. Ist\u00e4llet kommer det f\u00f6rmodligen att understryka behovet av vaksamhet och uppmuntra kommande generationer, som alla \u00e4r genomsyrade av nya IT-, programmerings- och designkunskaper, att dj\u00e4rvt lyfta byggandet till en ny niv\u00e5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skala upp digitalt byggande<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00e4s mer h\u00e4r<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sedan datorernas intr\u00e4de har byggbranschens potential tagit ett stort kliv fram\u00e5t genom CAD och BIM. De framsteg som g\u00f6rs inom datorst\u00f6dd design hj\u00e4lper nu branschen \u2013 fr\u00e5n arkitekter till entrepren\u00f6rer p\u00e5 byggarbetsplatsen \u2013 att leverera b\u00e4ttre byggnader mer effektivt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":634,"featured_media":81407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[16738,16961,16732],"class_list":["post-81406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-automatisering","tag-design","tag-innovation","category-145","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e5 revolutioneras byggbranschen av datorst\u00f6dd design<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Datorernas intr\u00e4de gav byggbranschen tillg\u00e5ng till CAD och BIM. 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