{"id":81416,"date":"2023-08-02T03:01:19","date_gmt":"2023-08-02T01:01:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/?p=81416"},"modified":"2023-07-17T10:39:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T08:39:58","slug":"can-living-building-materials-solve-constructions-carbon-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.bluebeam.com\/se\/can-living-building-materials-solve-constructions-carbon-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Kan \u201dlevande byggnadsmaterial\u201d l\u00f6sa koldioxidkrisen i byggbranschen?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Byggnadsmaterialens milj\u00f6p\u00e5verkan<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

De flesta av v\u00e5ra l\u00e4sare har nog h\u00f6rt att den byggda milj\u00f6n ansvarar f\u00f6r en avsev\u00e4rd andel av koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppen i v\u00e4rlden.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt World Green Building Council<\/a> bidrar byggnader med en dryg tredjedel (39 %) av de globala energirelaterade koldioxidutsl\u00e4ppen. Av dem kommer 28 % fr\u00e5n driftaspekten \u2013 den energi som kr\u00e4vs dagligen f\u00f6r att v\u00e4rma upp, kyla ner och generera kraft till en byggnad \u2013 medan \u00e5terst\u00e5ende 11 % h\u00e4rr\u00f6r fr\u00e5n de material som anv\u00e4nds och levereras f\u00f6r att bygga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Att anv\u00e4nda mer milj\u00f6v\u00e4nliga byggmetoder och minska byggnadernas p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 v\u00e4rlden har l\u00e4nge varit angel\u00e4gna fr\u00e5gor f\u00f6r branschen. Med resurserna str\u00e4ckta till bristningsgr\u00e4nsen har det blivit allt viktigare att hitta effektiva och h\u00e5llbara s\u00e4tt att anskaffa viktiga material. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ut\u00f6ver de uppenbara exemplen, som snabbv\u00e4xande virke, forskas det allt mer kring hur man kan uppn\u00e5 h\u00f6gre h\u00e5llbarhetsniv\u00e5er vad g\u00e4ller byggmaterial. M\u00e5nga ser \u201dlevande byggnadsmaterial\u201d som en t\u00e4nkbar l\u00f6sning. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vad \u00e4r levande byggnadsmaterial?<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e5t oss b\u00f6rja med att definiera \u201dlevande byggnadsmaterial\u201d, eftersom det finns olika s\u00e4tt att se p\u00e5 \u00e4mnet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De flesta av oss k\u00e4nner till \u201dgr\u00f6na v\u00e4ggar\u201d, d\u00e4r v\u00e4xter odlas p\u00e5 sidan av en byggnad, eller \u201dlevande tak\u201d, d\u00e4r ett lager av vegetation planteras p\u00e5 ett tak.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hur mycket vegetation som kan anv\u00e4ndas beror p\u00e5 b\u00e4rf\u00f6rm\u00e5gan hos v\u00e4ggen eller taket under den. Men b\u00e5da kan absorbera fukt \u2013 och koldioxid \u2013 ur atmosf\u00e4ren, kyla ner byggnaden<\/a> och ge insekter en fristad. De \u00e4r dessutom snygga att se p\u00e5. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c4ven om de h\u00e4r l\u00f6sningarna \u00e4r effektiva upp till en viss punkt, \u00e4r deras omfattning begr\u00e4nsad. D\u00e4r begreppet levande byggmaterial blir riktigt sp\u00e4nnande \u00e4r inom omr\u00e5det regenerering \u2013 material som kan reparera sig sj\u00e4lva och till och med v\u00e4xa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Den h\u00e4r teknologin \u00e4r f\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande experimentell, men om den lyckas uppfylla sitt l\u00f6fte kan avkastningen fr\u00e5n levande byggmaterial bli betydande. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exempel p\u00e5 levande byggmaterial<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande betong<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ta till exempel det forskarteam p\u00e5 University of Bath<\/a> i Storbritannien som utvecklar landets f\u00f6rsta \u201dsmarta betong\u201d, genom att anv\u00e4nda inkapslade bakterier f\u00f6r att skapa strukturer som p\u00e5 egen hand kan l\u00e4ka och reparera sprickor och defekter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt professor Kevin Paine vid universitetets institution f\u00f6r arkitektur och anl\u00e4ggningsteknik spenderas ungef\u00e4r h\u00e4lften av Storbritanniens byggbudget p\u00e5 att reparera befintliga material. Det handlar fr\u00e4mst om betong, eftersom det \u00e4r det material som byggteam anv\u00e4nder mest av. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dDen stora f\u00f6rdelen med sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande betong \u00e4r att den reparerar sig sj\u00e4lv p\u00e5 plats\u201d, s\u00e4ger han.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Kevins forskningskollega Susanne Gebhard, som \u00e4r universitetslektor i biologi och biokemi vid universitetet, kan bakterier som tills\u00e4tts till betongen producera kalciumkarbonat \u2013 kalk \u2013 medan de v\u00e4xer.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e4r bakterierna tar sig ner i sprickor i betongen fyller de resulterande kalciumkristallerna igen och f\u00f6rseglar tomrummen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byggnader av bakterier?<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Samtidigt h\u00e5ller ett forskarteam i USA med ledning av Wil Srubar, docent i arkitektteknik och materialvetenskap vid University of Colorado i Boulder, p\u00e5 att utforska potentialen f\u00f6r \u201dlevande byggnader\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cF\u00f6rest\u00e4ll dig arkitekter som anv\u00e4nder genetiska verktyg f\u00f6r att koda in en byggnads arkitektur direkt i organismers DNA\u201d, s\u00e4ger Wil<\/a>. \u201dDe kan sedan odla fram byggnader som \u00e4r sj\u00e4lvreparerande, interagerar med sina inv\u00e5nare och anpassar sig till milj\u00f6n.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wil Srubars team anv\u00e4nde fotosyntetiska cyanobakterier<\/a> f\u00f6r att odla ett strukturellt byggmaterial \u2013 och de h\u00f6ll materialet vid liv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201dIst\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att sl\u00e4ppa ut koldioxid anv\u00e4nder cyanobakterier koldioxid och solljus f\u00f6r att v\u00e4xa, och under r\u00e4tt f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden skapar de biocement.<\/sub><\/sub> [Det h\u00e4r] utnyttjade vi f\u00f6r att binda samman sandpartiklar och skapa en levande tegelsten\u201d s\u00e4ger han. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forskarna gick l\u00e4ngre \u00e4n s\u00e5. Genom att h\u00e5lla cyanobakterierna vid liv lyckades de framst\u00e4lla tegelstenar som v\u00e4xte.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wil ber\u00e4ttar: \u201dVi tog en levande tegelsten, delade den p\u00e5 mitten och fick tv\u00e5 hela tegelstenar att v\u00e4xa fr\u00e5n halvorna. De tv\u00e5 hela tegelstenarna v\u00e4xte till fyra, och fyra v\u00e4xte till \u00e5tta. Ist\u00e4llet f\u00f6r att skapa en tegelsten i taget utnyttjade vi bakteriernas exponentiella tillv\u00e4xt f\u00f6r att odla m\u00e5nga tegelstenar samtidigt, vilket demonstrerar en helt ny metod f\u00f6r att tillverka material.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vilka \u00e4r utmaningarna med att anv\u00e4nda levande byggnadsmaterial?<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Den forskning som p\u00e5g\u00e5r i Bath, Boulder och p\u00e5 andra st\u00e4llen<\/a> \u00e4r sp\u00e4nnande, men den \u00e4r fortfarande l\u00e5ngt ifr\u00e5n att kunna erbjuda l\u00f6sningar som kan rullas ut i tillr\u00e4ckligt h\u00f6g grad f\u00f6r att vara anv\u00e4ndbara f\u00f6r byggsektorn just nu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wil Srubar f\u00f6rklarar<\/a> att omr\u00e5det f\u00f6r konstruerade levande byggmaterial \u00e4r \u201di sin linda\u201d, och exempel p\u00e5 utmaningar \u00e4r \u201dkostnader, testning, certifiering och uppskalning av produktionen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Han lyfter \u00e4ven fram en annan fr\u00e5ga: konsumenternas acceptans. \u201dByggbranschen har till exempel en negativ uppfattning om levande organismer. T\u00e4nk m\u00f6gel, spindlar, myror och termiter. Vi hoppas kunna f\u00f6r\u00e4ndra den uppfattningen.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Forskare som arbetar med levande material m\u00e5ste ocks\u00e5 ta itu med fr\u00e5gor kring s\u00e4kerhet och biokontaminering, s\u00e4ger han. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Och medan forskarna arbetar f\u00f6r att utveckla mer h\u00e5llbara och responsiva material som \u201dlevande tegelstenar\u201d, riktar andra in sig p\u00e5 hur man kan f\u00f6rhindra att byggnader g\u00f6r sina inv\u00e5nare sjuka. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kan levande material hj\u00e4lpa till att l\u00f6sa \u201dsjuka hus-syndromet\u201d?<\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Enligt den amerikanska milj\u00f6skyddsmyndigheten, Environmental Protection Agency<\/a>, beskriver termen \u201dsjuka hus-syndromet\u201d (Sick Building Syndrome eller SBS) \u201dsituationer d\u00e4r byggnadens inv\u00e5nare upplever akuta effekter i fr\u00e5ga om h\u00e4lsa och v\u00e4lbefinnande som verkar vara kopplade till hur mycket tid de har tillbringat i en byggnad, men d\u00e4r ingen specifik sjukdom eller orsak kan identifieras\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Enligt Storbritanniens h\u00e4lso- och sjukv\u00e5rdsmyndighet, National Health Service<\/a>, \u00e4r den vanliga orsaken till SBS i kontorsbyggnader d\u00e5lig ventilation eller d\u00e5ligt underh\u00e5llna luftkonditioneringssystem, f\u00f6ljt av damm, r\u00f6k, \u00e5ngor eller tygfibrer i luften, starkt eller flimrande ljus, problem med reng\u00f6ringen och kontorsutrymmets layout, till exempel tr\u00e4ngsel bland skrivborden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Medan anv\u00e4ndningen av mekanisk luftcirkulationsteknik har spelat en viss roll f\u00f6r att skapa SBS genom \u00e5ren, anv\u00e4nder man i m\u00e5nga nya projekt naturlig luftcirkulation och frisk luft i h\u00f6gre utstr\u00e4ckning f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra inv\u00e5narnas v\u00e4lbefinnande. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Och i nybyggda hem, d\u00e4r inb\u00e4ddade kemikalier kan p\u00e5verka inv\u00e5narna, \u00f6kar anv\u00e4ndningen av specialiserade dekorativa f\u00e4rger som inte inneh\u00e5ller flyktiga organiska \u00e4mnen<\/a>, vilket \u00e4r goda nyheter f\u00f6r m\u00e4nniskor med astma och andra allergier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oavsett om det handlar om att utforska metoder f\u00f6r att framst\u00e4lla byggmaterial som \u00e4r sj\u00e4lvl\u00e4kande och d\u00e4rmed inte beh\u00f6ver kostsamma reparationer, eller att skapa h\u00e4lsosammare utrymmen s\u00e5 att inv\u00e5narna kan leva h\u00e4lsosammare liv, h\u00e5ller byggbranschen och tusentals forskare v\u00e4rlden \u00f6ver p\u00e5 att utveckla nya teknologier f\u00f6r att skapa en b\u00e4ttre byggd milj\u00f6 nu och i framtiden. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ett osannolikt byggmaterial som ocks\u00e5 smakar bra p\u00e5 en hamburgare<\/h2>
<\/div><\/div>
L\u00e4s mer h\u00e4r<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Den byggda milj\u00f6n st\u00e5r f\u00f6r mer \u00e4n en tredjedel av v\u00e4rldens koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp, och man beh\u00f6ver omg\u00e5ende hitta nya och renare s\u00e4tt att leverera de bost\u00e4der och andra byggnader vi beh\u00f6ver. Kan nyutvecklad teknologi som levande byggmaterial vara svaret?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":634,"featured_media":81417,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[145],"tags":[16715],"class_list":["post-81416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation","tag-sustainability","category-145","description-off"],"yoast_head":"\nKan levande byggmaterial bidra till minskade koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Byggbranschen genererar mer \u00e4n en tredjedel av alla koldioxidutsl\u00e4pp globalt. 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